الفهرس 
PROBLEM STATEMENT
BEHAVIOUR OF RC MEMBERS IN TORSIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
In long span bridges, the weight of structure is large, so using box girders became better because of it‟s low weight. Many building and bridge elements are subjected to significant equilibrium torsional moments that may require repair and strengthening. In modern construction, transverse openings in reinforced concrete beams are often provided for the passage of utility ducts and pipes. These ducts are necessary in order to accommodate essential services such as water supply, electricity, telephone, and computer network. The presence of transverse openings will transform simple beam behaviour to more complex behaviour, as they induce a sudden change in the dimensions of the beam‟s cross section.