الفهرس 
ENEGRY MANAGEMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Electrical energy demand has been dramatically increased all over the world for the past
decades. Renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind power, solar power, should be
utilized to meet this tremendous energy demand shifting from reliance on the conventional
energy sources based mainly on fossil fuels. A more recent concept exists for grou ping a
cluster of loads with RES distributed generators in a certain local area forming a Microgrid.
In this context, Microgrid is a key concept to transform the current power system to Smart
Grid and realize the distributed control scheme on the power system operation. One of the
main research areas in the smart grid is the energy management applications such as Load
Management. The Load Management is one of the main important elements of energy
conservation aimed at reducing energy consumption in smart gr ids. The term internationally
used for Load Management is Demand Side Management (DSM), although there are similar
terms such as Demand Response (DR). DR programs are widely implemented on the
commercial and industrial side customers.
The problem addressed by this thesis in the Case Study Part-I is the insufficient awareness of
residential side customers about the importance of DR and most of them have insufficient
tools. Home energy management (HEM) system which is responsible for monitoring and
managing the energy consumption of home appliances , is the most popular DR automation
type for residential side customers. HEM system, provides many benefits such as reduction in
peak demand, savings in the electricity bill and meeting the demand side requirements.
The case study Part-I includes two control approaches . Direct and indirect controls are
applied as HEM systems. Load data is obtained from real sample household. Simulation
results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink software demonstrate the effectiveness of t he
proposed approaches in demand reduction hence decreasing the electricity bill of customers.
In Case Study Part-II, the thesis focuses on the utilization of Renewable Energy Recourses
(RES) as Distributed Generation (DG). DG as important part of the Sma rt Grid has flexible
installation locations solving the problems of large/middle centralized power grids. Also, the
usage of different energy sources (especially the RES) allows improving the efficiency and
reliability of the Microgrid and reduces energy s torage requirements compared to systems
comprising only one single renewable energy source.
Among the various renewable sources of energy, the most popular sources are the solar and
wind energy. Utilization of solar/wind energy became increasingly significant, attractive and
cost-effective, since the oil crises of early 1970s. These sources as independent systems
cannot provide continuous source of energy, as they are seasonal. Integrating wind and solar
resources in a proper combination can overcome the dr awbacks of their unpredictable nature
and dependence on weather climatic changes. Hybrid Photovoltaic Wind Systems - HPWS
can be beneficial in enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of renewable
energy systems. To use solar and wind energy resources more efficiently and economically;
Optimal scheduling and sizing of HPWS plays an important role.
VI
ABSTRACT
Marsa Matruh, Egypt is used as the site for Case Study Part-II to illustrate the effectiveness of
the proposed algorithms. The objective is to opt imally size a HPWS to supply a group of
loads connected to the grid in order to reliably meet the demand requirements.
For the given location and for different scenarios, simulations for the proposed system are
designed using MATLAB/Simulink software. The choice of various combinations of sizes of
the solar PV arrays, wind turbines and units of the purchased electricity From/To grid is made
based on the results obtained from GA and PSO optimization.
This thesis recommends the application of control approaches using HEM systems on
residential side customers to achieve the maximum benefits by shifting/shedding the loads
automatically and applying the incentive/price based schemes in order to encourage the
residential side customers to use the DR programs, and also recommends the utilization of
Hybrid PV/WT Grid Connected Systems to improve Microgrids efficiency and increase
power system reliability.
Further researches on alternative methods or modifications of the existing approaches are to
be worked out so as to achieve more cost and energy savings.