الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study evaluation of the pharmacotoxicological effectiveness of the non-opioid analgesic drugs namely ketorolac and paracetamol either alone or in combination in normal (non-irradiated) as well as irradiated animals was carried out. Therefore, the effect of the selected analgesic drugs and their combination on the antinociceptive potency and the related gastric damage as well as the toxicity of these medications were taken as a criteria for such evaluation.
The antinociceptive activity of the NSAIDs, ketorolac, paracetamol and their combination was evaluated using formalin test. The associated pain mediators (brain serotonin content and serum prostaglandin E2 level) have been performed in animals exposed to fractionated (1.5 Gy/day/4 days) γ- irradiation and in non-irradiated (normal) animals. Determination of LD50 and evaluation of liver and kidney function tests, as well as determination of serum sodium, potassium and calcium levels were also carried out. This study was extended to investigate the gastrointestinal complications of the chosen drugs through evaluation of the gastric mucin content. Histopathological study of the selected organs (stomach, liver and kidney) was also undertaken.
Male albino mice each weighing (20-25 g) were used for toxicological studies. Whereas, male Wistar rats (120-150 g), were used for pharmacological, biochemical and histopathological studies.
Irradiation of animals was performed using gamma cell-40 which is Cesium-137 irradiation unit is operating at a dose rate of 0.758 rad/sec at the time of experimentation.