الفهرس 
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Abstract
Shoulder dislocations can be partial, with the ball of the humerus coming just partially out of the socket; this is called a subluxation. A complete dislocation means the ball comes all the way out of the socket. Once the ligaments, tendons, and muscles around the shoulder become loose or torn, dislocations can occur repeatedly.
The reason to have surgery is for pain and recurrent dislocations. Surgery is designed to attach the torn labrum back down to the glenoid (socket); this can usually be done through small arthroscopic portals. The labrum can be attached back to the socket with suture anchors. Most patients will go home the same day with a sling; recovery is usually 3-6 months.
The surgical repair can be performed either arthroscopically (‘key-hole surgery’) or via a larger incision. For the patient with recurrent dislocation or subluxation who has torn the ligaments away from the bone, which is called a Bankart lesion, an incision is made in front of the shoulder, and the ligament is reattached to the bone with sutures or stitches.
However even with the recent technical advances in arthroscopic stabilization, a recurrent rate of between 5 to 20% still persist, and should not be applied to all patients and selection must be done.
Conclusion
Traumatic shoulder instability is a common problem with an accepted management algorithm of initial nonsurgical treatment, with surgical stabilization indicated after recurrent instability, Open stabilization is considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of this problem.
Our review suggests that early surgical stabilization has the advantage of a significantly lower recurrence rate for young active patients.
However, early surgical intervention will result in some patients having unnecessary surgery and further research is necessary to establish prognostic factors that can stratify patient risk in order to identify individuals most likely to benefit from surgery.
Furthermore, arthroscopic stabilization using suture anchors appears to be comparable to open stabilization although, again, there may be certain subsets of patients, for example contact athletes, who would benefit from open stabilization.
Long-term studies of shoulder dislocation treated conservatively have clearly shown that not all patients will need surgical intervention.