الفهرس 
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm Faculty of Agriculture, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya University, Egypt during the two wheat successive growing seasons, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 and Molecular Plant Biotechnology Lab of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat city, Sadat city, Egypt, during 2013. Seven bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars; namely Giza 157, Giza 160, Giza 163, Giza 164, Giza 165, Gemmiza 1 and Gemmiza 9 were used as experimental materials for this investigation.
A half diallel cross set was carried out among the seven wheat cultivars in 2010/2011 wheat growing season (without reciprocals). The seeds of the seven parents and all possible twenty-one crosses were sown in 2011/2012 under normal agronomic practices in clay soil. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. Each replicate consisted of single row, 1.5 meters long with 20 cm between rows and 5 cm within row. Normal practices for wheat cultivation in clay soil were applied as usual. The data were recorded on an individual plant basis for parents and F1 generation. At maturity, ten guarded plants were selected at random for subsequent measurements; i.e., days to heading, days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, grain yield per plant (g), 1000-grain weight (g), spike weight (g), number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, spike fertility and hectoliter weight (g),.
Nine Gatersleben wheat microsatellite markers were selected from the wheat genome data base (http://rye.pw.usda.gov/cmap) for genotyping on the basis of their known chromosomal location to give a uniform coverage to all wheat genome.
The main objectives of the recent study were: (i) estimate heterosis expression for agronomic, yield and its component traits, (ii) estimate the magnitude of both general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA), (iii) characterize and evaluate the allelic diversity using microsatellite markers, (iv) determine candidate wheat microsatellite markers associated with agronomic traits.