الفهرس 
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Abstract
The main objective of this study is based on two approaches. The first was to collect information on the present status of the Northern Nile Delta lagoons, shore occupation and activities and to define marine environment quality. The second approach is using satellite images to monitor surface area change of the coastal lagoons to shed light on vulnerable locations, analyze the collected water and sediments from the hot site locations, integrate them into maps using Geographic Information System (GIS), and measures the impact of human activities on the lagoon shorelines. The obtained results can be summarized as follow:
1. The rate of losses of water area in Manzala lagoon and the aquatic environment of the lagoon reaching up to 14.9
km2 /yr. The area was reduced from 1411.2 km2 in 1952 to approximately 501.2 km2 in 2013.
2. Burullus lagoon suffered rate of losses and deterioration reaching about 6.7 km2 /yr in the last 40 years. In 1972, the lagoon area was 553.4 km2 it becomes 284.7 Km2 in 2012 the lagoon has decreased with a total percent of 48.5%.
3. Idku lagoon was the smallest lagoon and the highest rate of losses, and area cut-off that reached 2.8 km2 /yr in the last 40 years. The open water area represents only about 19% of the original size; almost 81% of the lagoon (114 Km2) was lost in 40 years.
4. Manzala lagoon marked by strong badly water quality Variations of many chemical parameters.
5. Metal concentrations in Manzala lagoon water proved that Ni, Pb and Hg occur in higher levels than the allowable limits in the Egyptian law and the sediment texture varied between loamy sand, silty loam and clay.
6. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in Manzala lagoon sediments with world lakes sediments as indicator of metal pollution proved that pesticides source, mixed sewage input from effluents of domestic and industrial discharges and pollution related to petrochemical industrial plants.
7. Burullus lagoon marked by the high nutrient and phosphates concentrations related to the input of all domestic, industrial and mainly agricultural wastes from the reclaimed lands surrounding the lagoon.
8. Concentration abundance of heavy metals in Burullus lagoon water was according to the following order Fe > Zn > pb > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Hg with respect to different sites.
9. Sediment texture in Burullus lagoon varied from sand near the lagoon-sea junction to silty clay and clay. Heavy metals concentration in Burullus lagoon bottom sediments follow order of abundance Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg.
10. Burullus sediments exhibit the highest concentrations for Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd, than those given by the World Lakes and average shale.
11. Idku lagoon marked by Discharge of sewage sludge, fertilizers and pesticides residue, the use of phosphate fertilizers in the reclaimed lands around the lagoon. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations in lagoon water are higher than the given permissible limits of Egyptian Law.
12. Most of Idku lagoon sediments rich with silt and clay supplied mostly by the drains. Idku lagoon sediments are enriched in Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd than in the international Lakes and average shale due to pollution sources confined in the southern and western sectors.