الفهرس 
Unexplained InfertilityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Unexplained infertility is one of the most common diagnoses in a fertility clinic. There is one in every four couples in developing countries had been found to be affected by infertility.
In the absence of a specific medical cause a specific treatment for unexplained infertility is lacking. Several studies suggest that immunological testing is necessary for the management of infertility. Uterine natural killer cells constitute the greatest proportion of maternal decidual leukocytes during pregnancy, which suggest that they have an important role in endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation.
Endometrial vasculature has been shown to play an important role in the early endometrial response to the implanting blastocyst, and vascular changes may contribute to uterine receptivity.
In the current study, a prospective case-control study was carried out on 180 women divided into two groups, 120 women represented cases suffering from primary unexplained infertility, and the other 60 normal fertile women represented controls, both groups recruited from the infertility clinic and family planing clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period from April 2014 to June 2015.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between endometrial NK cells and unexplained infertility, secondary objective was to find relation between endometrial NK cells and impaired perfusion in women who sufferd unexplained infertility.
All participants in this study were subjected to transvaginal sonography to assess subendometrial blood flow using Medison X6 ultrasound machine, and endometrial sampling during implantation window.
Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin then sent to histopathology and immunohystochemical stainig for CD56 & CD16, then examined visually in 10 × 400 magnification microscopic fields.
The results of CD56 and CD16 were represented qualitatively (positive or negative), while endometrial thickness, RI and PI were determined by ultrasonography.
There was statistically significant difference in the results of CD56 and CD16 between infertile (case) and fertile (control) groups as positive CD56 and CD16 was more frequent among case group (P<0.05) using Chi square test.
As well there was statistically significant difference in ultrasonographic findings between both groups as endometrial thicklness was significantly thinner among case group than among control group. RI was significantly higher among case group than among control group, while PI was significantly lower among case group than among control group (P<0.001) using independent t-test.
However, endometrial thickness was significantly thinner among CD16& CD56 positive conditions in case group only (P<0.001), while no significant difference was found between CD16& CD56 positive and negative conditions among the studied groups regarding RI and PI (P>0.05) using independent t-test.