الفهرس 
Chapter (1) : INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In general, establishment drains nearby and parallel to the main
canals is inevitable especially in case of planning and designing a
new irrigation and drainage system due to diversity of the
topography of the land as in case of El-Salaam Canal project in
North Sinai. So, the seepage problem and its hazards are
expected to occur like water losses due to seep, failures of side
slopes of water courses and rising the water table level. So, the
different alternative solutions must be suggested to overcome this
problem by reducing the discharge losses, controlling the flow net
path and preventing the nearby drains side slopes against failures.
In the current research, the study area in EL-Salaam Canal
project is taken as an example to simulate the seepage problem and
its suggested solutions by using the GEO-STUDIO Program
(Finite Element Analysis). Three suggested solutions include five
cases are chosen as follows:
1- The first suggested solution includes one case which
depending on decreasing the inclination angle of the drain.
2- The second suggested solution includes one case which
depending on using pitching for drain side slopes without
mortar.
3- The third suggested solution depends on using Bentonite
Slurry diaphragm wall which includes second cases; the first
case depends on fixing all dimensions of the section with
changing its depth (d) only and conclusion the required
parameters, the second case depends on fixing all
dimensions of the section with changing distance between
crest of drain side slope and the section only and conclusion
the required parameters.
4- The fourth suggested solution depends on using sheet pile
which includes two cases; the first case depends on fixing the
length of the sheet pile (L) with changing distance between crest
of drain side slope and the sheet pile (X) only and conclusion
the required parameters, the second case depends on fixing
distance between crest of drain side slope and the sheet pile (X)
with changing the length of the sheet pile (L) only and
conclusion the required parameters.
5- The fifth suggested solution (drainage solution) depends on
using polyethylene pipe which includes changing distance
between crest of drain side slope and the polyethylene pipe (X)
and conclusion the required parameters.
Finally, the relationships between the varied parameters and the
results of simulation of the problem by (GEO-STUDIO) Program
like the factor of safety (F.O.S) and the exit hydraulic gradient (I)
are plotted as graphic charts to determine the features for each case
of suggested solutions.
7.2 Conclusions
from this study, the results can be summarized as follows:
1) Decreasing the inclination angle of the drain side slopes
increases factor of safety to acceptable level.
2) Using Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall between the canal
and the drain is appropriate and substantial solution to
reduce the discharge losses quantity, the exit hydraulic
gradient values and increase the factor of safety of drain side
slopes in porous medium.
3) Increasing depth of Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall reduces
the discharge losses, controls the flow net path and increases
the factor of safety of side slope of water courses against
failures.
4) The suitable dimension for Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall
is depth (d) = (7.00) m at distance (x) = (10.00) m from the
crest of drain.
CHAPTER (7) SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
146
5) The suitable length for sheet pile are length (L) = (10.00) m
at distance (X) = (10.00) m from the crest of drain.
6) The suitable distance for polyethylene pipe (X) = (10.00) m
between crest of drain side slope and the polyethylene pipe
(X).
7) Using Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall is the best solution
because of very sheep.