الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hospital-acquired or nosocomial infection has been described as an infection not present on admission, but acquired during a stay in hospital, that manifests itself either during hospitalization or in the period following a hospital stay (May, 2000). The majority of HAI become evident 48 hours or more following admission. However, it may not become clinically evident until after discharge.
Prevention of nosocomial infections requires an integrated, monitored, program which includes the following key components:
Limiting transmission of organisms between patients in direct patient care through adequate hand washing, glove use, appropriate aseptic practice , isolation strategies, sterilization and disinfection practices, and laundry
Controlling environmental risks for infection
Protecting patients with appropriate use of prophylactic antimicrobials, nutrition, and vaccinations
Limiting the risk of endogenous infections by minimizing invasive procedures , and promoting optimal antimicrobial use
Surveillance of infections, identifying and controlling outbreaks
Prevention of infection in staff members
Enhancing staff patient care practices, and continuing staff education (WHO, 2002, 12).
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources. They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients (WHO, 2006).
These include the following:
Hand washing and antisepsis (hand hygiene).
Use of personal protective equipment when handling blood, body substances, excretions and secretions.
Appropriate handling of patient care equipment and soiled linen.
Prevention of needle stick/sharp injuries.
Environmental cleaning and spills-management.
Appropriate handling of waste (WHO, 2004).
The aim of this work is to measure infection control standards (guidelines) in Beni Seuf hospitals in Beni-Suef governorate, beside knowledge and practice of health care workers towards these standards in order to apply and follow these standards.
Specific Objectives:
To estimate and compare hospital adherence to infection control standards in the medical university hospital, general hospital and insurance hospital in Beni Seuf city.
To estimate infection control baseline knowledge and practice among health care team.
To design and implement infection control educational program to cover infection control knowledge and practice gaps among HCWS.
To provide recommendations to improve infection control program among studied hospitals.
The study was two parts, first part descriptive to assess adherence of studied hospitals. Second Part was interventional design to test effect of infection control interventional education program on knowledge and practice among HCWs. It total number 416 health care workers participating from the three hospitals (40) Physicians, (301) nurses and (75) workers
A pre-designed questionnaire assessing:
1. Hospital, environmental and infection control committee, health policy and working environment.
2. Availability of training course of infection control and Infection control knowledge before and after health education program submitted.
3. Adherence of health care team to infection control standards during their work and select hand hygiene (which include routine hand washing and surgical hand washing which most or all the team used it) before and after health education.
The study revealed the following results:
It was found that the assessment concluded by of current study and that by MOHP was nearly equal for all items of three hospitals except isolation item in insurance hospital which was higher (73.3%) in researcher assessment than MOHP (0.0%) assessment.
The largest proportion of studied HCWS (72.4%) was nurses followed by proportion (18%) were workers. Physicians were only (9.6%) of the HCWs studied.
Less than half of HCWs obtained I C training course.
The study revealed that most of HCWs in the three hospitals have good knowledge about H.H and PPE. While most of HCWs in the three hospitals had poor knowledge about ANTT and reprocessing of instruments and equipment.
Knowledge of HCWs regarding handling and disposal of sharps and hospital waste management in the three hospitals were average and good in most of studied HCWs.
As regards practice observational routine hand washing steps,
It was illustrated among most studied physicians in general and university in most steps, while among nurses, was shown improvement in university in most steps while in general and insurance hospitals was shown improvement to some steps.
It was observed that there was no significant improvement from pre to post test to practice observational routine hand washing steps to studied workers in university hospital to apply hand washing but in general and insurance hospitals were applied most of routine hand washing steps before I C intervention program.
It was reported among studied HCWS, there were no dry hands using paper or cloth towel in routine hand washing and surgical hand washing.
Based on the previous findings the study recommended the following: Governmental Financial support to infection control program especially in university hospitals as they focus only on MOHP hospitals.
Cooperation between all governmental and non- governmental sectors to alleviate infection control as MOHP, Universities and insurance system such as Maser Elker establishment and establishment army.
Continuing education and feedback to staff on behavior compliance of hand washing practice and implementation of strategies to improve compliance and hand hygiene.