الفهرس 
Anatomical aspectsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped pelvic organ with typical dimensions of 8x5x3 cm. The fundus refers to the rounded upper part of the uterus and the uterine body to the main chamber. The openings of each fallopian tube (ostia) are seen where they connect to the upper angles of the uterus (cornu) demarcating the fundus from the body. The isthmus is the constricted lower part of the uterine body and includes the internal cervical os (opening to the uterine body). The cervix protrudes into the vagina, connecting the uterine cavity at the internal os to the vagina at the external os (external uterine opening). This forms a sulcus (fornix), which is deepest posteriorly and separates the cervix into an intravaginal and supravaginal portion. The ratio of lengths of the uterine body to cervix is 2–3:1 in women of reproductive age and nearer 1:1 in postmenopausal women and prepubescent girls (Clark and Gupta; 2005).The objective of an U/S examination is to get a spatial impression of the examined organ. With the conventional technique, the examiner has to imagine a 3D idea of the shape, size, and position of the organ being examined. By Transvaginal 2DU/S, the examination of the uterine lesions is limited to the transverse and sagital planes, which sometimes give an inadequate view of the uterus and its corresponding pathology (Merz., 1999).
Two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D U/S) is widely used for solving diagnostic problems in gynecology. However, the ability to obtain certain views of the pelvic organs with 2D U/S is inherently limited. This is due to limitations in the scan planes that can be obtained by the abdominal or vaginal probe as well as the limited mobility of the vaginal probe during transvaginal ultrasonography (Bega et al., 2003).Three dimentional ultrasonography (3D U/S) is a multiplaner simultaneous 3 axes sectional image displayed on the same screen. These 3 planes (frontal, sagittal, and coronal) can be displayed anatomically and topographically layer by layer (Ebrashy et al., 2004).
3D allows volume examination on the monitor simultaneously in three perpendicular planes. All three planes are located in a separate window and each of them can be rotated at90 degrees to each other in all three axes. After acquiring the required volume, the presence of the patient is no longer needed, so the examination last no more than 3 minutes. It has the ability to register all three imaging planes simultaneously as well as to visualize surfaces 3 Dimensionally (Steiner et al., 1994).Three-dimensional ultrasonography, especially when combined with sonohysterography (SHG), provides detailed information regarding the internal and external contours of the uterus, obviating the need for surgical intervention for diagnosis alone (Ebrashy et al., 2004 and Ghi et al., 2009).Aim of the work
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound as a non invasive method for diagnosis of uterine disorders.