الفهرس 
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Abstract
Multi-Center location problem answers the question of where to locate facilities or services. Mainly, there exist two types of location problems; (1) p-center location problem is to locate p facilities, called centers, to minimize the maximum distance between demand points and its nearest facility. (2) p-median location problem is to locate p facilities, called medians, to minimize the sum of the distances from each demand point to its nearest facility. Multi-Center Location problems are NP-hard problems. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic intelligent approach, which recently proved to be a successful intelligent approach in solving complex optimization problems.
This thesis developed new PSO intelligent approach to solve multi-center location problems (p-center & p-median) on two different spaces (network & plane). The result is a simple but effective approach for solving large-scale multi-center problems. The novelty of this thesis comes from the success of developing a simple but effective PSO intelligent approach to solve four different types of multi-center location problem.