الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at El- Kawamel Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt during the winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Two onion cultivars (Giza 6 mohassan and Giza20) were used in this investigation to study the effect of organic and bio fertilization on yield and quality of onion crop.
The experimental plots were randomly assigned in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:-
1- Plant height (cm):-
• Treating onion plants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), (Humic acid) or (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) recorded taller plants than those recorded by untreated ones, for Giza 6 mohassan and Giza 20 cultivars, in both seasons.
• Application of recommended dose NPK chemical fertilizers significantly increased plant height compared to all studied treatments for the two studied cultivars in both seasons.
• The combinations between biofertilization, humic acid and NPK chemical fertilizers were generally more effective than single treatments.
2- Number of leaves/plant:-
• Treating onion transplants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), (Humic acid) or (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) improved number of leaves/plant as compared to untreated ones in both seasons, for Giza 6 mohassan and Giza 20 cultivars in both seasons.
• Application of recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers gave The highest values of this trait in both seasons.
• Treating with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), (Humic acid) or (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) plus different levels of NPK chemical fertilizers was effective in augmenting this trait as compared to untreated ones in both seasons.
3- Bulbing ratio:-
• The studied character fluctuated among different treatments in both experimental seasons for both cultivars.
• The lowest values of the character for Giza 6 mohassan cultivar were recorded by {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.)+ 1/4 NPK} and (Humic acid + 1/2 NPK) in the first and second seasons respectively.
• In Giza 20 cultivar, the lowest values of this character were recorded by {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + 3/4 NPK)} and (NPK (R.D)) in the first and second seasons, respectively.
4- Weight of total bulbs yield after curing (ton/fed.):-
• The treatment of (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) improved this character as compared to both (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) and (Humic acid) solely in the two experimental seasons for both cultivars.
• The highest tonnage of total bulbs yield after curing in the first and second season for Giza 6 mohassan cultivar and Giza 20 cultivar, respectively, were produced by{(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) + 3/4 NPK} treatment.
5- Weight of exportable bulbs yield (ton/fed.):-
• Treating onion plants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) or (Humic acid) solely or combined with {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid)} significantly influenced this character as compared to untreated one for both cultivars in the two experimental seasons.
• Applying the recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers had almost the same general trend.
• The combination between bio, humic acid and chemical fertilization significantly influenced the exportable bulbs yield (ton/fed.) as compared to untreated ones for the two cultivars in the two experimental seasons.
• Giza 6 mohassan cultivar exited the highest values which were obtained by {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + 3/4 NPK} in the two experimental seasons. The treatments: {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + 3/4 NPK} and {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid + 3/4 NPK} gain the highest values for Giza 20 cultivar in the first and second seasons, respectively.
6- Weight of double bulbs (ton/fed.):-
• Treating onion transplants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), humic acid and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + humic acid) increased this character as compared to untreated ones in both seasons for the two cultivars, except in the second season with Giza 6 mohassan cultivar.
• Applying the recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers significantly increased this character as compared to untreated ones as well as (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), (Humic acid) and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) for the two cultivars in both experimental seasons.
• {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid +1/4 NPK} and {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + 3/4 NPK} treatments gave the highest values of the studied character in the second experimental season for the two studied cultivars respectively.
7- Bolters (%):-
• Inoculating onion transplants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), Humic acid and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + humic acid) gave bolters %/fed. didn’t differ significantly with untreated ones except with (Humic acid) and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + humic acid) in the first and second seasons for Giza 6 mohassan cultivar respectively, (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + humic acid) in the first season for Giza 20 cultivar.
• Fertilizing onion plants with recommended dose of NPK gave the highest values in both seasons for the two cultivars.
• The studied character fluctuated among different combination treatments in both seasons for the two cultivars.
8- Weight of culls bulbs (ton/fed.):-
• Treating onion transplants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), Humic acid and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + humic acid) affected on this character as compared to untreated ones, but the differences didn’t differ significantly with untreated ones in both seasons for the two studied cultivars.
• The recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers treatment increased the recorded values of this character as compared to other treatments in the two experimental seasons for Giza 20 cultivar.
9-Economic evaluation:-
• Combinations between biofertilization, humic and different doses of NPK chemical fertilizers acid markedly increased farmer net return as compared to the recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers.
• The highest farmer net return (10505 LE/fed.) resulted from {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid + 3/4 NPK}, this treatment gave farmer net return surpassed that obtained by the recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers by 611 LE/fed for Giza 6 mohassan cultivar.
• For Giza 20 cultivar, the highest farmer net return (9250 LE/fed.) resulted from the application of the same treatment, and it surpassed that obtained by the recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers by 335 LE/fed.
10- Bulbs weight loss %:
• Bulbs weight loss % affected by the application of different treatments.
• The lowest values of weight loss% after five months under room storage conditions for Giza 6 mohassan were recorded by {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.)+ 1/4 NPK} and (Humic acid + 1/2 NPK) in the first and second seasons respectively.
• Regarding Giza 20 cultivar, the lowest values of weight loss% after five months storage were recorded by (Untreated) and {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid +1/2 NPK} in the first and second seasons, respectively.
11- Decay bulbs%:
• Decayed bulbs were affected by using different treatments.
• The lowest values for Giza 6 mohassan cultivar were recorded by (Untreated) and (Humic acid) in the first and second seasons respectively, but the highest values were recorded by (recommended dose of NPK) and {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + 1/4 NPK} in the first and second seasons, respectively.
• For Giza 20 cultivar, the lowest values of the percent of decayed bulbs were recorded by (Humic acid) in the first season, (Humic acid + 1/2 NPK), (Humic acid + 1/4 NPK) and {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid +1/4 NPK} in the second season. On the other side, the highest values were recorded by (Humic acid + 3/4 NPK) and (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) in the first and second seasons, respectively.
Conclusion:
The present study was carried out at El- Kawamel Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt during winter seasons of 2011/ 2012 and 2012/2013. Two onion cultivars (Giza 20 and Giza 6 mohassan) were used to study the Effect of organic and bio fertilization on yield and quality of two onion cultivars.
The obtained results indicated that treating onion transplants with (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), (Humic acid) or (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) dramatically increased vegetative growth and yield traits expressed as plant height (cm) and number of leaves/plant), total bulbs yield after curing (ton/fed.), local marketable bulbs yield (ton/fed.), exportable bulbs yield (ton/fed.) as compared to untreated ones.
Using recommended dose of NPK significantly increased onion vegetative growth traits and some yield characteristics in both seasons.
Concerning the influence of combination between (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.), (Humic acid) or (Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas. + Humic acid) plus various doses of NPK, data showed that all studied characteristics significantly affected by these treatments in both seasons. The treatments: {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid +3/4 NPK} and {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) +3/4 NPK} brought the most attractive findings and gave the highest values of total bulbs yield after curing and highest farmer net return, as well the exportable yield. So the abovementioned treatments could be recommended under the study conditions to participate and/or achieve the following objectives:
• Decreasing the possible health hazard due to addition huge amounts of chemicals.
• Minimizing environmental pollution.
• Reducing onion production costs and producing highest amounts of exportable yield per unit area.
• Gaining the highest farmer net return.
Recommendations:
• It could be recommended to treat onion seedling with {(Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) + Humic acid +3/4 NPK} to maximize the productivity of onion cultivars Giza 6 mohassan and Giza 20, and advisable in order to obtain highest net return per feddan.
• The treatment :{( Rhiz. + Phos. + Potas.) +3/4 NPK} achieved the highest values of exportable bulbs yield (ton/fed.) for Giza 6 mohassan in both seasons.