الفهرس 
Effect of feeding moringa leaves powderOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on
either side of the vertebral column, or the spine. The
retroperitoneal space is the cavity behind the abdominal cavity,
which is the part of the body where the abdominal organs such as
the liver, spleen, and bowel are located. The right kidney is
located behind the lower portion of the liver. The left kidney is
adjacent to the spleen and is often slightly higher than the right
kidney .Function of Kidney The kidneys allow consumption of a
variety of foods, drugs, vitamins and supplements, additives, and
excess fluids without worry that toxic by-products will build up to
harmful levels. The kidney also plays a major role in regulating
levels of various minerals such as calcium, sodium, and
potassium in the blood. As the first step in filtration, blood is
delivered into the glomeruli by microscopic leaky blood vessels
called capillaries. Here, blood is filtered of waste products and
fluids while red blood cells, proteins, and large molecules are
retained in the capillaries. In addition to wastes, some useful
substances are also filtered out. The filtrate collects in a sac called
Bowman’s capsule. The tubules are the next step in the filtration
process. The tubules are lined with highly functional cells which
process the filtrate, reabsorbing water and chemicals useful to the
body while secreting some additional waste products into the tubule. Reported that the kidneys also produce certain hormones
that have important function in the body, including the
following:Active form of vitamin D (calcitriol or 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin
D), which regulates absorption of calcium and
phosphorus from foods, promoting formation of strong bone.
Erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the bone marrow to
produce red blood cells. Rennin, which regulates blood volume
and blood pressure.
Uses of Moringa oleifera plant the moringa plant is a
multipurpose plant and has been used and consumed by humans.
in his review of the medical evidence for its nutritional,
therapeutic, and prophylactic properties states many benefits of
the plant. The Moringa trees have been used to combat
malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers.
Leaves can be eaten fresh, cooked, or stored as dried powder for
many months without refrigeration, and reportedly without loss of
nutritional value It is especially promising as food source in the
tropics because the tree is in full leaf at the end of the dry season
when other foods are typically scarce. The following medicinal
uses have been observed from the use of various parts of the
plant.
The leaves have anthelmintic, aphrodisiac properties and
cures hallucinations, hiccough and asthma. The fruit are used to diseases and head complaints. The oil is useful in leprous ulcers
and as external application for rheumatism. The roots and seeds
are prescribed for the treatment of snakebites and scorpion stings.
The roots have laxative, expectorant, diuretic properties and good
for treating inflammations, sore throat, bronchitis, piles,
stomatitis, urinary discharges and obstinate asthma. The root bark
is useful in treating heart complaints, eye diseases, inflammation,
dyspepsia, and enlargement of spleen. The root and bark have
abortifacient effect.
In the tropics reported that there are thirteen species of
moringa trees in the family moringaceae and that Moringa
oleifera is the most widely cultivated species.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of some leaves
Moringa on the kidney failure rats induced by gentamicin.
Thirty adult male albino rats, weighing 150-160g were
divided into Six groups each with five rats. One of them was
Negative Control Group which fed on standard diet and tab
water, and the other group was fed on standard diet + 0.10 mg\kg
body weight by gentamicin 6 days to induce the kidney failure .
This group was further divided into the following subgroups:- Group2: kidney failure 25 RATS
In this group, rats were induced kidney failure by intra-peritoneal
injection of gentamicin (aminoglycosides antibiotics) to induce
kidney failure. This group was subdivided into 5 subgroups to fed
on the experimental diets for (4) weeks according to the
following:
Group (a): 5rats: positive control group (untreated group)
Group (b): 5rats: treated with 3% moringa leaves powder.
Group (c): 5rats: treated with 5%moringa leaves powder.
Group (d): 5rats: treated with 7% moringa leaves powder.
Group (e): 5rats: treated with 9%moringa leaves powder.
At the end of experiment (4 weeks), the blood samples were
collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for
determination of urea, creatinin, uric acid, glotamic oxaloacetic
transaminas (G.O.T), glotamic pyruvic transaminas (G.P.T), and
alkaline Albumin(A.L.P). Lipid profile Cholesterol, tri glycerides
(T.G),(LDL),(HDL),(VLDL),heaemoglobin,heamatocrit,(R.B.C)
,(W.B.Cs),platelet.
At the same time, the organs: heart, kidney, liver, spleen and
lungs were removed, washed in salin solution, dried by filter
paper, weighted, and stored frozen in formalin solution 10% for
histopathological examinations.