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Abstract Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, which constitutes a very important source of food to a vast population. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main cereal crop grown in Egypt serving as the principal source of calories in Egyptian diet Wheat protein is easily digested by nearly 99% of human population as is its starch. A wide range of pathogens can infect wheat and resistant wheat varieties provide an efficient strategy to prevent crop losses. The most widely prevalent, and shifty enemies on wheat are the three rusts which have played significant role in the agriculture of early civilization. |