الفهرس 
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Abstract
Four lakes are situated in the North of the Nile Delta. These are lake Manzalah, lake Borullos, lake Edku and lake Mariut. The first three lakes receive drainage water from the main drains of the Delta irri- gation system and are connected to the Mediterranean Sea, while the fourth lake, Lake Mariut, is a closed Lake Edku is the smallest of the first three
one.
shallow lakes. It is directly connected with Mediter- ranean Sea at the western extremity through a narrow channel; ”Boughaz EL-Maadiya” (Fig. 1). The lake-Sea Connection is located at the inner part of a partially sheltered bay known as Abu-Qir Bay. Lake Edku, which lies west of Rosetta branch of the Nile, extends from east to west for a distance of about 19 Km and has an average width of 6 Km with an average depth of about one meter. The lake has an area of about 30,000 acres (feddans). Because of land reclamation projects at the eastern part and most of the south eastern extension, a good part of the lake area is being converted gradually into cultivated land. Scattered islands divide the lake area into several basins: Eastern, Middle and Western basins, in addition to Ghattas pond and other minor
areas.