الفهرس 
Morphological (clinical) resultsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Previous studies showed that chronic acrylamide exposure leads to central and peripheral neuropathy, however, very few studies have focused on its developmental effects on the central nervous system. The main objective of this work was to address the effect of ACR on postnatal spinal cord growth and maturation in male albino rat offspring and the possible protective role of Rosemary on ACR neurotoxicity. Material &Methods One hundred and forty four (144) male offspring of perinatal mothers exposed were divided into the following groups: Group I (Control Group): consisted of forty male off spring of control mothers. Eight rats were sacrificed at the age of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days and according to the scarification schedule were divided into subgroup I (a), I(b), I(c), I(d) & I(e) Group II (Rosemary group): consisted of thirty two male offspring of the mothers those were received aqueous extract of rosemary (220mg/kg twice weekly by oral gavage from 6th day of gestation to postnatal day 21). Eight rats were sacrificed at the age of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days and according to the scarification schedule were divided into subgroup II(a), II(b), II(c) & II(d). Group III (Acrylamide group): consisted of thirty two male offspring their mothers were received acrylamide (10 mg/kg/day from 6th day of gestation to postnatal day 21). Eight rats were sacrificed at the age of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days and according to the scarification schedule were divided into subgroup III(a), III(b), III(c) & III(d).Group IV (protected group): consisted of thirty two male offspring their mothers were received acrylamide and REA. Eight rats were sacrificed at the age of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days and according to the scarification schedule were divided into subgroup IV(a), IV(b), IV(c) & IV(d). Group V (Recovery group): consisted of eight male offspring. They were received Acrylamide from their mothers and after weaning were separated from their mothers and fed add labitum for 21 day and sacrificed at the age of 42 day. Offspring were examined daily for developmental landmarks and weekly for determination of weight, gait score, head length, cervical rump length and tail length. At the end of the experiment rats were anaesthetized and the retroorbital venous plexus blood samples were taken to detect DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay). After dissection the spinal cords were extracted and measured and the thoracic parts were collected for histological; H&E and silver stain, histochemical; Toluidine blue stain and immunohistochemical studies; MPB and NF (NF-H & NF-L) immunohistochemical stains. Morphometric measurements were done for detection of; spinal cord length, transverse diameter gray/white matter ratio, number and the size of neurons, number of neuroglia in both white and gray matter, intensity of color of nissl granules and area percentage of immunostaining (MPB & NF). Results General /Clinical evaluation In both control/rosemary groups showed normal developmental land marks and gait score. Also showed steady significant increase in weight gain, head length, cervical rump length, tail length and spinal cord length with age. ACR treatment led to significant delay in developmental land marks, significant increase in gait score from postnatal day 14, significant lower weight, head length, cervical rump length, tail length and spinal cord length than control group. Histological study Both control/ rosemary groups showed similar normal spinal cord structure. There was significant increase transverse diameter and non-significant decrease in gray/white matter ratio with age. The neurons showed decrease in number and increase in size, increase in number of their dendrites and the spina canal was vertical and showed widening with age. The ventral and the lateral horns were differentiated at day one postnatal while the dorsal horn showed undifferentiated neurons till the age of fourteen day potnatal. The ependymal lining of the canal at birth was cuboidal then columnar ciliated epithelium. Acrylamide adminstration showed; early apparent increase in number of less differentiated and immature neurons what evident in dorsal horn. Central chromatolysis and loss of their dendrites, neuronophagia and neurofibrially tangle of some neurons while the neuropil showed gliosis and vaculation of the ventral horn. Also, the dorsal and lateral horn showed degenerated neurons, ghost like appearance of some neuron, neuronophagia and dilated capillaries.