الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bilharzial bladder carcinoma is the most common cancer, particularly in Egyptian males, accounting for 14-30% of all malignant diseases presenting to, NCI, Cairo University. Classically carcinoma in bilharzial bladder is most commonly of squamous cell type. Decline in prevalence of bilharzias is in Egypt during past decade due to success of Schistosomiasis control program in Egypt, was associated with significant changes in the pathology of bladder carcinoma, with decline in the frequency of squamous carcinoma and in-crease in transitional carcinoma.
The current work aimed to: 1) Assess the usefulness of serum and urinary cytokeratin-19 as noninvasive tools for diagnosis of bladder cancer and to 2) correlate the urinary and serum markers with each other and with staging of the biopsy.
The study was carried on clinical pathology department, faculty of Medicine, Minia University.
It was conducted on 45 consecutive patients classified into three groups:
Group I: included 20 patients with bilharzial bladder cancer (15 males and 5 females), their ages ranged from 49-68 years.
Group II: included 15 patients with benign bilharzial inflammatory urinary diseases (13 males and 2 females) and their ages ranged from 32-63 years, with no evidence of bladder cancer.
Group III: Control group; Included 10 patients (8 males and 2 females) and their ages ranged from 37-50 years. All of them are apparently normal persons.
All the patients of the malignant and benign groups involved in the study were attendants to the urology outpatient clinic, faculty of medicine, Minia University hospital during the period from September 2012 to October 2013.
All participants were submitted to the following:
1-Through clinical history questionnaire: Considering age, sex, urological complaint and other associated manifestations.
2-Clinical examination: General examination, abdominal examination and urological examination.