الفهرس 
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Abstract
Gastroenteritis is an infection of the gut (intestines). It is common. Many children have more than one episode in a year. The severity can range from a mild tummy upset for a day or two with some mild diarrhoea, to severe diarrhoea and vomiting for several days or longer. Many viruses, bacteria and other microbes (germs) can cause gastroenteritis. A virus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. Rotavirus is the most common virus causing gastroenteritis in children in the UK. Almost every child in the UK has a rotavirus infection before they are five years old. Once you have had rotavirus, your body usually becomes immune to getting it again. Therefore, it is uncommon for adults to get rotavirus because most will have had it as a child. Adenoviruses are another common group of viruses that cause gastroenteritis in children. Adenovirus and rotavirus infection are more common in infants and younger children than in teenagers. Colostrum is the fluid that new mothers’ breasts produce during the first day or two after birth. It gives newborn infants a rich mixture of antibodies and growth factors that help them get a good start. Although colostrum has been available since the first mammals walked the earth, it is relatively new as a nutritional supplement. The resurgence of breastfeeding in the 1970s sparked a revival of interest in colostrum for both infants and adults.
However, most commercial colostrum preparations come from cows, not humans. The antibodies a mother cow gives to her calf are designed to fend off bacteria that are dangerous to cows; these may be very different from those that pose risks to humans. Nonetheless, colostrum also contains substances that might offer general benefits, such as growth factors (which stimulate the growth and development of cells in the digestive tract and perhaps elsewhere) and transfer factor (which may have general immune-activating properties). In addition, some researchers have used a special form of colostrum called hyperimmune colostrum , created by inoculating cows with bacteria and viruses that affect humans. The cow in turn makes antibodies to them and secretes those antibodies into its colostrum. Hyperimmune colostrum has shown considerable promise as an infection-fighting agent.
Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to health. They were first identified and named by Marcel Roberfroid in 1995. As a functional food component, prebiotics, like probiotics, are conceptually intermediate between foods and drugs. Depending on the jurisdiction, they typically receive an intermediate level of regulatory scrutiny, in particular of the health claims made concerning them . A prebiotic is a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health”The prebiotic definition does not emphasize a specific bacterial group. Generally, however, it is assumed that a prebiotic should increase the number and/or activity of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The importance of the bifidobacteria and the lactic acid bacteria (LABs) is that these groups of bacteria may have several beneficial effects on the host, especially in terms of improving digestion (including enhancing mineral absorption) and the effectiveness and intrinsic strength of the immune system. A product that stimulates bifidobacteria is considered a bifidogenic factor. Some prebiotics may thus also act as a bifidogenic factor and vice versa . Patients:Two hundred children were prospectively included in this study . This study was conducted on Quesna central hospital at pediatric department in the period between april to august 2013.Two hundred infant and child aged from one year up to five years were included in the study , one hundred and ten from rural areas ,and ninghty from urban areas they were divided into four groups: Group 1 : 50 children received prebiotics plus traditional medications ,Group 2 : 50 children received bovine colostrum plus tradional medications , Group 3 : 50 children received prebiotic and bovine colostrum., Group 4 :50 children received traditional medications only (ORS).All patients were subjected to full medical history through clinical examinations , Comparing every case in the following points: ,Staying in the hospital,Number of diarrhea and vomiting pre and post treatment,Intravenous fluid therapy pre and post treatment,Another complication in the course of the disease (CNS and Chest complication),Laboratory investigation (serum Na and K),Associated symptoms (fever, headache, anorexia, malaise). Results: In this study we found that group 3 which received prebiotic and bovine colostrum had better results than other groups in duration of admission in hospital; number of diarrhea; number of vomiting; degree of dehydration; electrolyte disturbance; rehydration method and associated complications .also we found that group 1 which received prebiotics plus traditional medications had mild improvement in the same parameters except associated complications than group 2 which received bovine colostrum plus tradional medications but not as in group 3 which received prebiotic and bovine colostrum. No significant difference between all groups regarding demographic data. Both prebiotic & bovine colostrum group significantly have lower percentage of associated complications. No significant difference between all groups regarding pre-treatment clinical status.Regarding mean in both in both prebiotic and bovine colostrum group duration of admission(3.4 ± 1.0);post diarrheal and post vomiting/day(0 ± 0).Regarding mean in prebiotic group duration of admission(4.4±1.0),post diarrheal and post vomiting/day(1±0).Regarding mean in bovine colostrum group duration of admission(6.0 ±1.4),post diarrheal and post vomiting/day(1± 1).Regarding traditional group duration of admission(7.8±1.2),post diarrheal/day(3±0)and post vomiting/day(2 ± 0).from the present study it is concluded that:1- Early using of prebiotics in children with acute gastroentritis decrease days of staying in hospital , attacks of vomiting ,attacks of diarrhea, degree of dehydration, intravenous fluid ,electrolyte disturbance and associated complications.2- Early using of bovine colostrumin children with acute gastroentritis decrease days of staying in hospital , attacks of vomiting ,attacks of diarrhea, degree of dehydration, intravenous fluid ,electrolyte disturbance and associated complications but to a lesser degree than prebiotics except in associated complications ( more decrease in using bovine colostrum)3- Early using of both bovine colostrum and prebioticsin children with acute gastroentritis decrease days of staying in hospital , attacks of vomiting ,attacks of diarrhea, degree of dehydration, intravenous fluid ,electrolyte disturbance and associated complications better than the group which received prebiotics only and that which received bovine colostrum only.