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المستخلص The sector of poultry production represents an important place among the sectors of livestock production as one of the main sources of animal protein in Egypt in general, where This sector contributes an effective contribution in the value of livestock production in Egypt, as worth about 22.5 billion pounds, represented in poultry meat and eggs as the value of meat Poultry about 16.5 billion pounds, and the value of the eggs about 6 billion pounds, representing about 25.4% of the value of livestock production, amounting to about 88.9 billion pounds in 2012. and this is due to what is characterized by this sector of the short production cycle and speed of capital turnover and high efficiency manufacturing, as well as those enjoyed by the consumer acceptance of the Egyptian. The poultry industry of agricultural industries in Egypt important addition to the large size of the investments underlying the industry, which amounted to about 17 billion Egyptian pounds, works out to about 2.5 million workers between permanent and temporary workers. The sector relies poultry production in Egypt on the two sectors of the rural sector (Traditional) and the commercial sector, where production amounted to actual farms broiler for Total both commercial and rural about 434.8 million chickens in 2006, with a total production of the commercial sector about 362.3 million chickens represent about 83.3% of the total production sectors, as was the actual production of the farms produce eggs about 19.5 million chickens and total production of both commercial and rural whites amounted to about 3.8 billion eggs, the commercial sector, including the production of about 2.7 billion eggs representing approximately 71.1% of the total production of the two sectors. The problem with the study as triggered by the bird flu crisis of weakness in the structure of the poultry industry Egyptian and related industries, where the spread of the disease in Egypt to stop many of the farms for the production and execution of a lot of poultry which resulted in lower production of poultry and high prices, which impact on consumption poultry in Egypt. The aim of this study is to identify the economic and environmental impact of bird flu on the manufacturing sector in Egypt Aldajnat through: 1- to identify the size of poultry production in the Arab Republic of Egypt and to show the extent of the contribution of poultry production in the plug in the gap consumer of animal protein, to identify the most important factors affecting the production of broiler, on the most important problems facing producers and impede the farm for operating at full capacity and to work on the proposal appropriate solutions. 2-shed light on what caused the bird flu crisis on the economies of the Egyptian poultry processing sector in an attempt to identify the shortcomings incident rings the industry to work to propose appropriate solutions. The study relied on data specialized sources such as the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics and the EEAA, Agricultural Research Center, as well as the study relied on bulletins Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and the Egyptian Journal of Development and Planning, along with some of the theses, books and specialized reference related to the subject of study. This has included a study on the four-door, has been divided into the first section of them into two chapters interested in the first quarter of them study review reference to previous studies, has been divided into three parts dealing with the first part including a review of previous studies in the field of the economics of production and processing of poultry, where it was found from these studies The province of East occupies the first place among the provinces in terms of the number of farms and the wards and the total energy and the actual and broiler average for the period (1998- 2002) while occupied Giza Governorate ranked first among the provinces for the production of poultry feed as the average for the same period, also confirmed most of the studies that the most important episodes of the poultry industry is feed, chicks, broiler wards, health and veterinary care, in addition to the mechanized slaughterhouses. As it turns out that the non-availability of maize as well as the relatively high prices are considered the most important problems facing the poultry industry in Egypt in general. She also noted some studies indicate that the public sector and private sector investment of the most important sectors of the production of poultry meat in Egypt, where he contributes to the government sector by about 15% of the total meat production broiler in Egypt, also contributes to private sector investment by 85%, was also observed that the sector factories Special produces about 75% of the total feed production in Egypt, also found that the private sector farms more efficient and economic feasibility of the farms the government sector, as agreed by the majority of studies on the productivity advantage of large capacities in broiler farms. And taking the second part of previous studies on the bird flu in Egypt and the world and its development, economic impacts and environmental consequences of the emergence and spread of the disease and how to confront it, and I showed those studies that the poultry sector Egyptian during the period from February to April 2006 was affected significantly as a result of infection with bird flu where estimated the total losses suffered by the sector estimated at 2.1 billion pounds. The impact of the outbreak on the import of poultry where grandparents were stopped importing ancestors during the period from October 2005 until February 2006 , which affected the industry greatly. Studies have confirmed that the Eastern province of the first provinces that income to the disease rapidly and where the losses were heavy, where about 281 were executed during a farm just three months (from February to May 2006) and the number of birds that have been culled during that period 10.8 million chickens. While eating the third part of previous studies in the field of environmental studies related to environmental pollution resulting from certain industries and how to take advantage of the remnants of agricultural industrialization and food, where studies have shown that it can take advantage of slaughterhouse waste after recycling in the manufacture of powdered protein and feed additives used in fish farms or components of diets represented in the production of animal feed raw. The second chapter of the first section the theoretical framework for the study where Turning to some of the concepts and terminology relevant to the subject of study and from which the definition of bird flu, date of onset of the disease in Egypt and the world and its development, and how to confront it, the actions that have been taken to curb the spread of the disease and to compensate those affected, and the decisions that taken by the State to respond to the disease and face, and display the experiences of some of the different countries in the fight against the disease and overcome its negative effects, the lessons learned from the experiences of other countries in the face of bird flu and tackle him, the future vision of the face of bird flu, also addressed the definition of pollution that each change in the qualities of the physical chemical or biological framework in which they live rights which affects him or what rears from an animal or what resources are nurturing of agriculture or grazing. The second section ”of bird flu in Egypt and the structure of the poultry industry” has been divided into two chapters accept the first chapter the economic importance of the production of poultry in Egypt and accept the second chapter of bird flu in Egypt and the structure of the poultry industry and Egyptian institutions and entities related to the poultry sector and Egyptian strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats industry poultry in Egypt, the current situation of the disease in Egypt in addition to the marketing of poultry in Egypt. It was the study of the evolution of the number of farms broiler and the total number of wards operating and nonoperating in those farms and the total energy and the actual production of the annual level of the Republic during the period (1991-2006) has taken a general trend growing at an annual rate respectively about 270-698 - 42.9 - 28.1, The annual rate of change amounted respectively about 2% - 58.8% - 6.8% - 8.5%. The third chapter has been divided into two chapters singled out the first chapter defines them Poultry Processing in Egypt and the numbers of Poultry Processing Manual and a half, both the mechanism and the mechanism working and non-working. While the second chapter manufacturing poultry and case study for each of the farms and Poultry Processing has been selected automated slaughterhouse for poultry and poultry farm with a capacity of 20,000 birds have been found from the case study that the poultry farm to get rid of solid waste by land filling. And that the slaughterhouse automated poultry is recycling all its waste, has been acquainted with the nature of the work of the slaughterhouse automated in terms of fit refrigerators and Cooling tunnels and transport vehicles are equipped and places to waste collection Palmdzr but does not manufacture these residues in the same slaughterhouse, have also been identified on the waste resulting from the slaughterhouse, which include each of the liquid waste of water resulting from the operations of washing and cleansing, which are estimated at 2000- 2500 m3 per day, which show a processing unit for those waters in preparation for the use of those treated water to irrigate agricultural land, while the solid waste are processed into powder protein used in fish farms. As has been the work of the economic return to take advantage of waste water used in automated poultry slaughterhouse. And displays the door fourth and last to environmental and economic impacts of bird flu and the residue has been split this section into two first chapter dealt with them the economic effects of bird flu in Egypt and the second chapter from the economics of recycling poultry waste, ways to take advantage of the poultry waste, where results indicated statistical estimation the temporal trends to the public increased the total annual energy and the actual production of wealth where poultry amounted to 49281.2 - 14652.1 thousand chickens, respectively, while the percentage of annual change respectively about 0.54% - 0.29%. By studying the evolution of remnants of poultry during the period (1997- 2008) all over the country turned out she took a general trend increasing each of feathers and blood, legs, heads, viscera unfit for consumption at an annual rate respectively towards 1186.8 - 512.8 - 571.4 - 439.6-1304.0 tons. |