الفهرس 
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Abstract
The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing in Egypt with a doubling in the incidence rate in the past 10 years. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of two probiotics, yogurt and fermented kidney beans (FKB) against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male albino rats. Thirty five male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into seven different groups (groups 3-7; 5 animals each) in addition to negative and olive oil control groups (group 1 and 2). Rats of group 3 (HCC group) were treated with a single dose of Diethynitrosamine (200 mg/kg, i.p. injection) and 2 weeks later received repeated doses of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg, i.p injection) as Rats in group 6 (HCC group fed yogurt supplemented diet) and group 8 (HCC group fed fermented kidney beans supplemented diet). The results showed a significant elevation (P<0.05) in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in HCC rats compared with normal control rats. Whereas, yogurt and fermented kidney beans treated rats had significant decreasing(P<0.05) of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP level compared to HCC group. Pretreatment with probiotics showed a protective effect against experimentally induced HCC by decreasing the levels of alpha fetoprotein in serum compared with HCC group. These observations suggest that the two tested probiotics(yogurt and fermented kidney beans) may be used as a potential nutraceutical intervention hepatoprotective agent against hepatocarcinogenesis.
Application Fields of the Thesis:
The results of the present work is recommended the use of yogurt in the regime items to ensure a healthy life devoid of disease problems, and if there are any, to be able to combat the complications.