الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was carried out to study the effect of three organic materials namely olive waste, compost and lemon waste on some soil chemical properties, macro and micronutrients availability in calcareous soil. Five calcareous soil samples were collected from the surface horizon (0-30) of five sites at the north western coast of Egypt (Burg El Arab, Matruoh, Ain Gazalla, Zawaia El Awam, Etnoh) the sample were air-dried, Sieved (2 mm mesh) and analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. These soil samples were used for laboratory experiments.
In a series of incubation experiments, different mixtures of soil with each amendment (olive waste, compost and lemon waste) were prepared using the rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g of each amendment with 100 g soil of each soil. The mixtures were home brewed and potted in small plastic pots (4 cm deep and 10 cm in diameter) leaving the upper 1 cm without the mixture. The prepared pots were incubated for four months at temperature degree between 23 to 30 C°. During the incubation period, the distilled water was added to each pot to keep the moisture content close to the field capacity. Each treatment replicated three times in a randomized block design. Samples of the mixtures were taken at dates of 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of incubation and prepared for analysis. The samples were analyzed for the desired soil properties and available macro and micronutrients. The results can be summarized as follows:
5.1 Soil EC, pH and CaCO3 content
- Content the decreases were mated with increasing time of incubation at any soil for pH and CaCO3.
- Significant increases were mated with increasing time of incubation at any soil type for EC.
- Decreasing pH or CaCO3 content and increasing EC values with increasing rate of organic matter were observed at each time of incubation and with increasing time of incubation.
- The greatest value of pH (8.17) was recorded for soil No.5, without organic material at the first time of incubation, while the lowest value for pH was recorded (7.01) for soil No.2 with 2% olive waste at the fourth time of incubation
- The highest CaCO3 content value (39.48%) was recorded for soil No.4 without organic material at the first time of incubation, but the lowest value of CaCO3 content (10.08%) value was recorded for soil No.3 with 2% lemon waste at the fourth time of incubation
- The highest value for EC (3.5 dS/m) was recorded for soil No.3 with 2% compost at the fourth time of incubation, while for the lowest EC (0.3 dS/m) was recorded for soil No.2 without organic material at the first time of incubation.
5.2 Soluble Cations
- Soluble cations, were increased with increasing time of incubation for all soil types.
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- The application of compost induced the highest values of soluble Na+, Ca+2 and Mg+2 (202.49, 48.48 and 35.33 mg/Kg soil, respectively) compared with those of the other organic materials types.
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- The olive waste induced the highest value of K+ (91.74 mg/Kg soil) compared with the other organic materials at the fourth time of incubation.
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- The highest values of soluble Na+, K+ and Mg+2 were produced 2 % organic material, while 1.5 % organic materials produced the highest value of soluble Ca+2 at the fourth time of incubation.
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- The maximum value soluble Na+ values, were recorded at the third time of incubation for soil No.1 with 2% olive waste (270 mg/Kg soil), while the minimum value of soluble Na+, were recorded at the third time of incubation for soil No.2 without organic material (35 mg/Kg soil, respectively).
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- The highest values, of soluble K+ was recorded for soil No.4 with 2% olive waste (187.5 mg/Kg soil) at the third time of incubation. The minimum soluble value of K+ was recorded at the third time incubation for soil No.2 without organic material (30 mg/Kg soil).
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- The highest values of soluble Ca+2 at the first and fourth time of incubation, were recorded for soil No.5 with 2% lemon waste treatments (34 and 92 mg/Kg soil, respectively), while the lowest soluble Ca+2 (9.6 mg/Kg soil), at the first time of incubation, was recorded for soil No.3 without organic material and (20 mg/Kg soil) at the fourth time of incubation for soil No.4 without organic material.
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- The highest values of soluble Mg+2 at the fourth time of incubation was recorded for soil No.5 with 2 % lemon waste (55 mg/Kg soil), while the lowest soluble Mg+2 (12 mg/Kg soil) at the fourth time of incubation was recorded for soil No.2 without organic material.
5.3 Soluble Anion
- Olive waste was superior giving the maximum soluble SO4= (6.2 mg/Kg soil) and soluble HCO3- value (11.23 mg/Kg soil) at the fourth time of incubation.
- The compost produced the maximum value of soluble Cl- value (23.44 mg/Kg soil) at the fourth time of incubation, and the lemon waste gave the minimum soluble HCO3- value (7.07 mg/Kg soil) at the first time of incubation.
- The highest value of soluble Cl- (34.0 mg/Kg soil) was produced soil No.1 with 2% compost, while the lowest value (12 mg/Kg soil) was produced all soil type without organic materials.
- The highest value of soluble HCO3- (17.17 mg/Kg soil) was produced No.2 with 2% compost, but the lowest (3.50 mg/Kg soil) was produced soil No.5 without organic materials.
- The highest values, of SO4= (24.0 and 28.10 mg/Kg soil) at the first and third time of incubation were produced soil No.5 with 2% lemon waste or compost, but the lowest values, (0.42 mg/Kg soil) were produced without organic materials.
5.4 Micronutrients availability
- The highest value of available Fe was recorded for soil No.2 at the fourth time of incubation (4.46 mg/Kg soil) but the lowest value was recorded for soil No.2 at the first time of incubation (0.75 mg/Kg soil).
- The highest value of available Zn was observed for soil No.1 at the fourth time of incubation (4.22 mg/Kg soil), but the lowest value of available Zn was observed for soil No.3 at the first time of incubation (1.68 mg/Kg soil).
- The highest value of Cu was observed at the fourth time of incubation (4.50 mg/Kg soil), but the lowest value was produced for soil No.2 at the first time of incubation (1.36 mg/Kg soil).
- The compost gave the highest values of Fe and Zn at the fourth time of incubation (4.69 and 4.84 mg/Kg soil).
- The olive waste was gave the highest value of available Cu (4.60 mg/Kg soil) at the fourth time incubation. The lemon waste gave the lowest value of available Zn at the first time of incubation (1.80 mg/Kg soil) and available Fe at the first time of incubation (0.97 mg/Kg soil).
- The highest value of available Fe (5.87 mg/Kg soil), available Zn (4.95 mg/Kg soil) and available Cu (6.69 mg/Kg soil) were recorded for 2% organic materials rate at the fourth time of incubation.
- The highest value of available Fe was given at the second time of incubation with 2 % olive waste (2.35 mg/Kg soil), at the third time of incubation with 2 % (2.81 mg/Kg soil) and at the fourth time of incubation with 2 % olive compost (6.61 mg/Kg soil, but the minimum value (0.55 mg/Kg soil) produced without organic materials.