الفهرس 
الجملة البسيطة في العربيةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The term ”sentence” seems to be un familiar to the
early the first grammarians, as we have never come across this
term in their writings, instead , they used and alternative term
”Al-kalam” meaning ”Speech”, But Al-Mobared (AD. 286) was
probably the first to use the term ”Sentence” in the sense that has
become familiar later in his book “Al Muqtadab” but this term
could not displace the term ”Al-kalam”,and while some
grammarians used the two terms synonymously ,others
distinguished between these terms
Traditionally, the earlier generation of
grammarians studied the properties of the sentence
thoroughly under the Chapters called ”Marfouat” and
”Mansoubat” and so on. But these grammarians never paid
any attention to the syntactic structure of the sentence, save
for the efforts exerted by Abd Quaher Al-Jorjani when he
was addressing the investigation semantics (or Alnazm
theory) such as inversion ,Ellipsis and omission . Also ,
Some efforts were exerted by Ibn Hisham , divided the
sentences into two categories Major and Minor. Some
grammarians too have addressed a range of related topics,
such as the Predicate, Adjective and adverbal clause.
The Contemporary scholors, on the other hand,
contributed in to the field of studying the sentence
structurally, in the Arabic language.
What distinguishes This study from other
previous studies is the fact that it studies the sentence in
four Semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew, syriac and
Ethiopian)which allows a greater opportunity to derive
more accurate and deeper results.
It is also characterized by the chapter of applications where
the full texts were analyzed for Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac ,and
Ethiopian , which allowed for the execution of some of the facts
that have not been clarified by theoretical chapters.
I have divided the thesis into four chapters preceded by an
introduction and preface , followed by a conclusion
Preface : The sentence definition , Types of sentences
Chapter 1 simple sentence in: Arabic
Chapter 2: simple sentence in Hebrew
Chapter 3: simple sentence in Syriac
Chapter 4: simple sentence in Ethiopian
Chapter 5: simple sentence in four languages between
agreement and disagreement
Chapter 6: Applications
It is divided into four sections:
The first topic : syntax in the Quran (Al-Furqan)
The second topic : in syntax (book of Roth) in Hebrew
The third topic : syntax in the Syriac story of Ahiqar
The fourth topic : syntax in the story of Abraham in
Ethiopian Genesis
The conclusion has been reported in which the most
:important findings, including
- congruence between the parties to the reference in the
gender and number is the originin the four languages.But the four
languages have stepped toward liberation from the rule of
biuniqueness, until singling out the verb with the subject became
the rule in the Arabic language, and the rest of the remains of the
biuniqueness, several Grammarians classify it as a special language
tribe of tribes.
In Arabic:
. (Aalmarj - ” ( 1 fW اب وا ( 3 @
% ل U% ”
In Hebrew:
hrmuw \ds ]lm wsnyw (Genesis 14:10)
And the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled.
In Syriac:
: Fܐܘ:
Ahiqar Q: 33) )the King Said to me
In Ethiopian:
‘KÃö„ }²éO [¬M (Genesis14-17)
And went out the king of Sodom
Useing inanimate name as an attribute often prevents -
biuniqueness
In Arabic:
”
َ>Fْ ”ُّ ة ا
َ>Dَ ُ ا ْ َ E< نَ زِ ُEَ+ لُ وَا ْ
َ ا ْ ” (Alkahf : 46)
In Hebrew :
dsj hwhy twtra lk (Psalm 25 : 10)
All ways of the Lord are mercy
In Syriac 9
ܶ; ܽ) ܗ ܶ8 ܳ ܪܘܽܐ ܳ
ܳ ܕ ܳ8
ܽ
ܰ&
All the ways of the Lord are mercy ” (Psalm 25 : 10)”
In Ethiopian :
: „}qKé mkXA} D–DM
You are the light of the world (Matthew 5-14)
Unique in Arabic , pronoun should mediate between the -
Topic and the Comment, while the delay may be in the Comment
for the other three Semitics, so
In Arabic :
ى” َ ْ cِّ رَبُّ ا ُ ھُ َ 2َّ F وأ ” ((Alnajm : 49)
In Hebrew:
yh \yhla ttm hz
This is the gift of the Lord
As well as in Syriac it is permissible
ܘܗ
ܕܗ 8 ܕ 8 )
ܪ
The superior of wisdom is the fear of God
In the Ethiopian it is also permissible:
‰ùF{ ©cñc Õ mk†[ï }I{ (Genesis 42-11)
We are all sons of one man
As well as the results of the analysis of the most
important texts
The participle in the Ethiopian may act the work of it’s
verb as in
Arabic, such as:
‘ê†oë[ cõEo „óDôe MDì† •seo ‰èD}pBé
Sea salt and all valleys filled with wells(Genesis 14-10)