الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sphincter Sparing Resection Is Now Possible For Cases Of Rectal Cancer Even Those In The Lower 1/3 Of The Rectum With Nearly Equivilant Oncological And Functional Outcome To The Standard Abdomino-Perineal Resection But With Avoiding Stoma Thus Providing Better Life Quality. This Is Due To The Better Understanding Of Rectal Tumor Biology, Rectal Anatomy, The Development Of Mechanical Circular And Linear Staplers, The Specialization Of Service And Surgeons And The Application Of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.