الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide has been used in
agriculture for several years which has led to a variety of negative effects
in non target species including humans.
Hesperidin (HDN), a naturally occurring flavonoid presents in fruits
and vegetables, has been reported to exert a wide range of
pharmacological effects including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic
and neuron-protective actions.
Garlic is naturally occurring sulphur containing dietary agent belong
to Allium family. Garlic was found to have many beneficial effects
including stimulation of immune function, enhanced detoxification of
foreign compounds, antimicrobial effects and antioxidant effects.
The present study includes three experiments as follow:
• The first experiment dealt with the hematotoxic effects of DZN at
different doses (low (11.16 mg/Kg), moderate (14.88 mg/Kg) and high
(22.3 mg/Kg)) and different time intervals (10, 20 and 30 days) using
60 of male albino rats.
The current experiment showed that; DZN at different doses
resulted in decline in RBCs count, Hb content, Ht value, total WBCs
count, platelets count and relative lymphocyte and monocyte counts
when compared with control groups.
Furthermore, DZN caused increase in MCV, MCH, relative
granulocytes, bleeding time, PT and APTT.
On the other hand, DZN caused decrease in erythrocyte antioxidant
enzyme activities; GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD as well as GSH level. While, DZN-intoxication caused increase in LPO level. This
experiment concluded that the previous effects of DZN were highly
significant after 20 days especially with the moderate dose.
• The second experiment evaluated the possible protective effect of
HDN (200mg/Kg) or garlic oil (5ml/Kg) against hematotoxicity
resulted by DZN (moderate dose of 14.88 mg/Kg for 20 days). 35
male albino rats were used in this experiment.
In the current experiment; most of the hematological parameters
and erythrocyte antioxidant system showed tendency to be normalized
in rats pretreated with HDN or garlic oil before DZN-intoxication
comparing with DZN-treated group.
The results indicated the potential effect of HDN and garlic oil as
protective agents against the hematotoxicity of DZN-intoxication.
• The third experiment aimed to observe the modulatory effect of
HDN (25mg/Kg) or garlic oil (5ml/Kg) against immunotoxicity
induced by DZN (10mg/Kg for 30 days). In this experiment 35 male
albino rats were used.
The current data showed that, DZN-used dose resulted in
significant decrease in serum total immunoglobulin concentration,
hemagglutination titre, quantitative hemolysis of SRBCs, delayed
type hypersensitivity, BMC proliferation, phagocytic index and blood
T-cell subtypes (CD4+ and CD8+) in comparison with the control.
Most of the immune function tests were restored in rats due to coadministration
of garlic oil or HDN with DZN for 30 days when
compared with DZN-treated group.
Results of this experiment suggested that HDN or garlic oil can act
as an immunomodulatory natural substances that could reduce the
immunotoxicity induced by DZN pesticide. 1. The first experiment concluded that the hematotoxicity-induced
by DZN pesticide was highly significant with the moderate dose
after 20 days of toxicity.
2. The second experiment concluded that HDN and garlic oil are
strong protective natural substances against hematotoxicityinduced
by DZN pesticide.
3. The third experiment concluded that HDN and garlic oil are
strong immunomodulatory natural substances against
immunotoxicity-induced by DZN pesticide.