الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lead is one of the heavy metals which commonly found in human populations. Lead toxicity was reported to be related to haemopoietic, hepatic, renal, nervous, gastrointestinal and reproductive disorders in man and animals. Recent studies have reported lead’s potential for inducing oxidative stress which plays a role in the pathophysiology of lead toxicity.
Noise stress from transportation resources also is related to different physiological effects on human, as well as impairment of auditory function and growth. Studies showed that combined exposure to noise and different pollutants affects heart and development.
On the other hand, antioxidants were reported to reduce incidence to various physiological alterations accompanying oxidative stress. Previous studies suggested that antioxidants may play an important role in abating some hazards of lead. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of vitamin E , as an antioxidant, on some alterations caused by lead or noise each alone or in combination in adult male rats. Vitamin E was administered orally in a dose of 200 mg/kg two hours before lead dosage (15 mg/kg, i.p). Animals were exposed to horn noise of about 110 dB for 30 minutes after administration of lead and/or vitamin E. The experiment was conducted for 14 consecutive days. Evaluated parameters included biochemical indicators of liver, kidney and heart- hematological indices- oxidative stress biomarkers in liver, kidney, heart and brain- neurotransmitters and acetylcholinesterase activity in different brain regions- total body weight change as well as relative organs weight- histopathological alterations in liver, kidney, heart, brain, spleen and thymus- behavioral changes indicated by open field and passive avoidance tests.
The obtained results revealed that lead and noise either each alone or in combination caused statistically changes in the examined parameters with a good potential for vitamin E to protect against these changes.
In conclusion, the present study revealed that both Pb and noise altered the proper function of the evaluated vital organs. Moreover, the presence of Pb exaggerated the effects caused by noise alone in some of the evaluated parameters.
In addition, Vitamin E was beneficial in diminishing the toxic biochemical and behavioral effects of Pb and noise upon all the estimated organs. Moreover, the histological examination showed good ameliorative effect of vitamin E against destruction caused by Pb and noise