الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Allergy plays a central role in clinical practice of otolaryngology. Around 50% of patient’s complaints encountered by ear, nose and throat specialists have an allergic components and inhalant allergy particularly prevalent.
Exposure of the nasal mucosal surfaces to allergens in genetically predisposed subjects leads to release of mast cell mediators and the clinical occurrence of allergic rhinitis.
Although AR symptoms can be alleviated by prevention, pharmacotherapy (including antihistamines, steroids decongestants cromones, etc), surgery, and phototherapy; only immunotherapy can maintain long lasting improvement by changing the type of immune response to allergens.
Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy is the process by which increasing doses of specific allergen(s) are administered over time to patients with IgE-mediated conditions for the purpose of providing protection against the allergic symptoms and inflammatory reactions associated with natural exposure to the allergen.
In fact, immunotherapy not only reduces the symptoms load in the short term, but also has a favorable impact on natural history of allergic disease.
A relevant problem with traditional Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT) is the risk of potentially severe adverse events, which can limit its indication.
Conclusion: Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) represents a dramatic improvement in possibility of treating large number of allergic patients with rhinitis.With SLIT, the allergen extract is kept under the tongue for 1-2 minutes then swallowing.Systemic side effects are rare and never severe enough to require resuscitative measures.The first randomized controlled study of SLIT dates back to 1986, but in the last few years the literatures on safety and efficacy of this treatment has grown enormously.Importantly as with SCIT, SLIT also has a preventive effect on the insurgence of further sensitization, the long-lasting action of SLIT in the years following its discontinuation, has been fully documented.