الفهرس 
o Ischemic Heart DiseaseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
oronary collateral arteries serve as alternative conduits for blood flow in obstructive coronary artery disease.
Collateral artery formation (arteriogenesis) refers to an active remodeling of nonfunctional vascular anastomosis to functional collateral arteries, capable to bypass the site of obstruction and preserve the tissue jeopardized by ischemia.
Adequate collateralization varies significantly among atherosclerotic patients; the degree of collateral arteries development influences the outcome after acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, in stable coronary artery disease, patients with well-developed coronary collateral circulation shows improved long term survival.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical variables affecting the development of collaterals in patients with chronic total occlusion.
The study included seventy patients admitted to Ain Shams university hospital with ischemic heart disease.
All patients underwent coronary angiography which showed chronic total occlusion (CTO) with or without collateral formation.
In our study we used two different methods of comparison:
1) Patients who developed collaterals and patients who did not develop collaterals. Sixteen patients did not develop collaterals and fifty-four patients developed collaterals.
2) Grading of degree of collateral formation according to Rentrop’s classification. Grade zero: sixteen patients, grade one: sixteen patients, grade two: thirty-two patients, and grade three: six patients
Comparing the two groups it was found that B blockers, hypertension and duration of angina are associated with increase in collateral formation.
While diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, advanced age as well as history of previous MI were associated with decrease in collateral formation.