الفهرس 
2.1. Animal organic amendments applicationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Adding animal organic any manure of chicken, sheep, rabbit and pigeon dung at three doses (1%, 2% and 4% of soil weight) to soil planted with infested tomato plant with Meloidogyne spp.reduced the galls, egg masses, eggs / egg mass and developmental stages. Chicken manure was the best one in reducing nematode parameters. The best dose for applying manure was 4%, followed by pigeon dung while rabbit manure was the least in this respect. Using the animal organic manures in three doses 1%, 2% and 4% increased the fresh weights of shoot and root compared with plant treated with nematode alone. Chicken manure was the best one in this respect followed by pigeon dung while the rabbit manure was
the least one. Application the animal organic manures to nematode infected tomato plant increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as phenol oxidase, peroxidase and catalase in tomato leaves compared with plants treated with nematode alone. Chicken manure was the prior in this respect followed by pigeon dung while the rabbit manure came in the last rank. Incorporation soil by extracts water of the tested animal manures (chicken, sheep, rabbit manure and pigeon dung) reduced the galls, egg masses, eggs / egg mass, developmental stages and females. Water extract of chicken manure was the best one in reducing nematode parameters followed by water extract of pigeon dung while the water extract of rabbit manure was the least one. Adding animal water extracts of different manures to root-knot nematode infected tomato plant increased the fresh shoot and root weights compared with plant treated with nematode alone. Incorporation soil with water extracts of different animal manure to nematode infected plants increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the content of total phenols and carbohydrates in leaves of treated plants. Water extract of chicken manure was the best treatment followed by water extract of pigeon dung, while the water extract of rabbit manure came in the last rank compared by control plants. Adding barnuf or neem extracts that exposed by method I using three solvent ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether gradually in the same sample proved to be more effective in reducing nematode in treated plants than adding extracts exposed by method II (using one solvent in each sample). It significantly reduced the galls, egg masses, eggs/eggs, females and developmental stages in tomato treated plants then those treated with nematode
alone. Applying barnuf ethanol extract to soil with nematode infected tomato plants reduced the galls, egg masses, eggs / egg mass,females and developmental stages while the petroleum ether extract of barnuf was the least one in this respect. Adding plant extracts (neem or barnuf) to nematode infected plants increased the fresh weights of shoot and root compared to plants infected by nematode without this treatment. Using the powder or fresh leaves of neem at 1%, 2% to infected nematode tomato plants reduced the nematode population. It also gave the highly percentage in increasing fresh weights of shoot and root and dry weight for of the treated plant especially at 2%. Powder of barnuf or neem applying to soil with nematode infected tomato plants increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and contents of total phenols and carbohydrates compared to other plants without this treatment. Adding barnuf powder to soil at 1% was more effective in reducing nematode population than fresh leaves, it also gave high percentage in increasing fresh weights of shoot and root and dry weight. Incorporation fresh leaves of tested plants (barnuf or neem) to soil with nematode infected tomato plants, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and contents of total phenols and Adding four isolates of Trichoderma namely T. viride isolate T1, T2, T3), T. harzianum (T4) proved to against root-knot nematode on tomato plants. Adding any of them to soil with tomato infected plants by root-knot nematode, decreased number of galls, egg masses, eggs / egg mass and increased fresh weights of shoot and root. Using isolate (T1) proved to the best one in the this respect,and isolate (T4) was in the second rank. Talc powder was the best formula for applying Trichoderma viride (T1), whereas parley formula proved to be suitable one for adding T. harzianum (T4). The activity of antioxidant enzymes (phenol oxidase,peroxidase) and contents of carbohydrate and phenols increased in tomato plants infected by root-knot nematode according to the addition of different four formula of Trichoderma.