الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY & Conclusion
Neonatal jaundice affects 60% of full term infants and 80%
of preterm infants in the first 3 days after birth.
Jaundice should be considered non physiologic or
pathologic if it occurs less than 24 hours after birth, if bilirubin
levels rise at rate of greater than 5 mg/dl. Early diagnosis
dramatically improves the chance of intact survival; innovations
in the surgical management have improved the prognosis.
Fortunately, a series of blood studies can indicate a
diagnosis of infection, hematologic problems, metabolic diseases
or genetic disorders. Many diagnostic methods are used to
differentiate between surgical and non surgical cases of jaundice
including, ultrasound, HIDA scan, magnetic resonance
cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP), duodenal aspiration
analysis, liver biopsy and laparoscopic exploration and
cholangiography.
In this work we focused on the etiology, pathology,
diagnostic methods, surgical management and its complications
of the commonest surgical causes of neonatal jaundice which
include biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, sudden perforation bile
duct and cholelithiasis.
Biliary atresia is an idiopathic inflammatory process,
involving the bile ducts resulting in obstruction of the biliary
tract, chronic cholestasis and progressive fibrosis and eventually
leads to biliary cirrhosis; it is the most common cause of liver
transplantation in children so the early diagnosis is essential for
effective surgical treatment.
Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital dilatation of the
common bile duct, often associated with dilatation of intrahepatic
ducts, it occurs in any age, two thirds of cysts are present
before age of 10 years, complete excision of the cyst and biliary
bypass have become the treatment of choice.
Sudden perforation of the bile duct is a rare but important
cause of jaundice in infancy, it should be suspected in an infant
who develops progressive ascites and abdominal distension,
irritability and fluctuating mild jaundice, but laparotomy is
ultimately necessary for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Gall bladder calculi are relatively uncommon in children,
but it seems to be increasing, the hemolytic and non hemolytic
cholelithiasis are focused on in this wok as well as the
management of gall bladder stones.
Over the last 25 years, orthotopic liver transplantation has
evolved from an experimental measure to become the standard of
care in the salvage of child with end stage liver disease, the
technical development, care improvement and new
immunosuppressive agent have markedly altered the management
of children who require liver transplantation, as a result, the
outcome of these children has improved significantly.