الفهرس 
’lelation of EJaternal nutrition1d sto.tus and lactation:
milk porteinOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was carried out in l:lortus Village (Oseem District,
Giza Governorate), on nursing mothers ~ttending Bartus Hospital
out patient clinic for 1•1CH servicee: _.and their infants who have
not completed their weaning.
The study was done on 114 mothers and equal number of their
children (64 males, 50 females). They were all from the same
village. The study was done on nursing mothers at different stages
of lactation. The study was concentrated on:
1- The assessment of the food intake of lactating mothers to find
out its effect on breast milk composition.
2- rhe assessment of the growth of infants recieving breast
milk.
Dietary intake of the mothers over the precening 24 hour was
recorded on the day of the visit. A 1r.ilk sample from each mother
and the anthropometric measurements of her child were also
obtained.
The nutrient content of the daily diet or’ nursing mothers
in relation to their ~DA is one parameter of evaluating their
nutritional status. The mean daily caloric intake (1951) of lactating
mothers of this study was not satisfactory (?6.3% of RDA),
while the mean daily protein intake of them (64.8g} could he iiconsidered
satisfactory (101% of ~DA). However, the majority of
protein intake was from plant source. The average calcium intake
constituted 26.3% of daily lDI\. of lactating mothers. ’rhis is due
to low intake of foods rich in calcium. The mean iron intake was
low (81.5% of Il.DA) inspite of high protein intake , a!J.d this may
be due to low intake of animal protein. The low avertJ.ge daily
intake of vitamin A by lactating mothers (19.3% of the RDA) is
due to low intake of food rich in carotene and vitamin A •
·rhe thiamin intake satisfy nearly the RDA ( .3%), tl::is is due
to the high consumption of bread. The mean intake of vitamin B2
exceed the KDA {134.7%). The lactating mothers get less than 50%
of RDA of vitamin C as a result of low intake of fresh vegetables
and fruits.
Determination of the major breast milk constituents was
carried out in this study to detect any effect of m~ternal diet
on milk composition. It was found that the mean value of breast
milk protein was 1.2±0.52g% and it tends to decrease by prolonged
period of lactation. The study showed that the mean value of fat
content was 4.66±1.3g% with a higher concentration of milk fat
among mothers who lactate female children than those of other
sex. The mean lactose content was 8.51±0.88g%. As regards mineral
content in human milk, this study showed a low level of calcium
conten~ in the milk samples \12.92mg%). This can be attributed
to the low intake of calcium in the mother’s diet. On the other he~nd the mean inorganic phosphorus content was within the normal
limits lll.l6mg%}. As a result of these findings the Ca:P ratio
was below the normal (1.15:1). ’!’his is due to the low of calcium
in t’lilk while the phosphorus within the normal limit.
from the above mentioned results ,it was found that although
the average intake of lactating mothers is deficient in some of
the nutrients, the milk CO’IJposi tion in this stu:ly was not affected
by the energy or protein content in the diet. Also there is
~o correlation between dietary fat and milk fat. As regards minerals
content, was found that the milk calcium was affected
by the calcium intake by lactating mothers.
Concerning the infant growth, inspite of the normal composition
of the milk samples obtained in this study, it was found
that the growth of infants was below normal. At the age group
(L3 months) the mean weight of both sexes was within the normal
level as compared with the standard {106.0--94.7%) for male and
female respectively, The mean weight was less than tile reference
standered ~fter the age of 3 months. rhis can be attributed to
possible infection, particularly gastroentritis.rhis was accompanied
by the continous dinnnished concentration of milk protein
after the first 3 months of lactation. Also the same findinr;
was observed in body lengt_h ’.’/here the mean value of body length
in the first age group(<:.3 months) was within the normal limits at
both groups (101.2- 97.0%) for malesand fcmalesrespectively.
Then it began to decreased by the advance of age to reach its
lowest level at the of 24 month. The c~est/head ratio was
less than one in almost all groups. The arrn circumference
was within the normal limit up to 6 months of age in both sexes
then from 6 months onwards all infants fell in the category 70%
to less than 90% of the standered arm circumference for the corresponding
age as a result of varying degrees of undernutrition.
The mean value of skin-fold thickness in both sexes increased
oy age up to 5 months, then decreased for both groups due to the
decreased of fat concentration in human milk at the corresponding
period.
Generally the growth of breast fed infant WBS found to coincide
with the standered v;:;alues in the first. and second months,
then gradual decllne was found to occur.