الفهرس 
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Abstract
An emergency can be defined as an acute illness
in which lack of prompt and appropriate treatment may
result in death, disability or delayed recovery.
Of all children admitted to hospital 60% are
considered as emergencies. Acute diseases in children
develop more rapidly than in adults but with
correct treatment the child has greater capacity for
quick and complete recovery. (Black 1987)
Cardiovascular diseases are significant causes of
mortality and chronic morbidity in pediatric age group.
Cardiovascular problems that require emergency management
in intensive care include heart failure which may
be due to congenital or acquired heart disease, severe
cyanoic congenital heart disease and patients with
cyanotic spells may be also in need for early diagnosis and rapid management in ICU. (Kotby 1987)
Cardiac arrhythmia are being recognized with
increasing frequency in infants and children. Through
the use of electrophysiologic techniques and analysis
of electrocardiographic findings there has been an
increase in the understanding of the nechanisms of
arrhythmias and with this understanding, an inprovement
i~ the ability ~o ~se therapeutic reodalities ln
their treatment. (Fink & Mandel, 1980)
Also hypertension nay be of an acute onset and
result in hyopertensive crisis requiring il!’.nediate lm,·-
erlng and maintenance of blood pressure
Failure of controlling any of the previous problems
may result at the end into very bad sequel up to
cardiac arrest which is a problem of team work
trained intensevists united together to perform
resuscitation and try to save the victim’s life.
(Kagan 1981).