الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis highlights Norman‘s selected plays—Getting Out, ’night, Mother, and Traveler in the Dark—approaching a psychological perspective built on Freudian theories on psychoanalysis, ego-defense mechanisms, melancholia, and narcissism. Norman writes a drama reflecting the human spirit with all its difficulties, deterioration, and development. Therefore, psychoanalysis is a suitable method to deal with her characters due to its ability to examine not only their apparent behaviors, but their inner selves as well. It brings to light the characters‘ dilemma, and their seeking to get better understanding of their condition, aspiring for hope, identity, and life. Whatever the motivation is, each achieves his target. In Getting Out, Arlene Holsclaw decides to live life as it really is, hoping to gain custody of her son, and reconciles with herself. In ’night, Mother, Jessie Cates commits suicide and identifies herself with her own entity, and as a consequence reaches a state of autonomy and individuality. In Traveler in the Dark, Sam Everett reconciles with life as well as with himself, his wife, his son, and his father, and faces the difficulties of the death of his mother and his friend. Hence, each protagonist becomes able to get a way out of dividedness, absurdity, uncommunicativeness, and misunderstanding, equally as a way into a self, independence, and full knowledge and recognition. Consequently, Norman succeeds in delivering her message of hope and continuity. As long as Man lives, he has to find alternatives and get over the bitterness of life because it is a necessity and one‘s being is coercive.