الفهرس 
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Abstract
Transverse openings, in concrete beams represent, from a practical viewpoint, a means of accommodating utility services in a building structure. The ability to accommodate such services through a member instead of below or above the member results in a compact design and an overall saving in terms of total building height.Provision of openings through a beam, however, changes its simple mode of behavior to a more complex one. Therefore, the design of such beams needs special treatment. Most current codes and specifications, however, have no provisions for specific design of such members. The object of this research is to develop a nonlinear 3-D finite element program to study the behavior of reinforced concrete beams with openings and subjected to combined torsion, bending and shear. This will be executed in the following steps: Review of the important previous studies and researches in this field. Review torsionprovisions in some national building codes and comparison between them in torsion design. Developing a computer program depending on the finite element method to include the nonlinear material properties of both concrete and steel reinforcement. Verifying the output results of the F.E. program with the experimental results done by other researchers. Investigating the effect of some important parameters such as the characteristic strengths of concrete and steel, dimensions of openings, methods of loadings. Finally the main results will be summarized and main suggestions will be presented.