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Abstract Throughout the history of medicine, numerous attempts have been made to illuminate and examine the inside of the various hollow cavities located within the body among which are the interior of the nose and paranasal sinuses, therefore, it is not surprising that after some initial attempts and disappointment, sinoscopy developed very slowly. It was found that nasal endoscopic examination has only recently become an important component of our diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium (Stammberger, 1991). The first simple device was described by Philb Bozzini, (1806) and was termed as ”light conductor’’, after that there were a wide variety of devices, two of which are impressing: In the first one the endoscope and the mirror were combined but the light source was separate, and in the second one the mirror and the light source were entirely separate and this one was used to examine the nose and the nasopharynx. (Stammberger, 1991). Also, in 1868, Wertheim made a conchoscope to examine the anterior and middle thirds of the nasal cavity. This was a small tube, closed at one end and fitted with a mirror at a 45 degree angle with aperature over the mirror. The conchoscope also had a channel for introduction of a sound or other instrument. In 1903, Reichert was able to introduce a modified cystoscope directly into the maxillary sinus through an enlarged dental alveolus. After that in 1910, Hays described an endoscope for ”salpingoscopy” which made it possible to see the nasopharynx and allowed posterior rhinoscopy through the oropharynx. Endoscopy of the upper airways has enjoyed a world wide popularity since the early 1970s. Although initially the maxillary sinus was the focus of diagnostic interest, the endoscopy was extended to the other paranasal sinuses. The Hopkins rod rigid nasal endoscopes made it possible to examine in detail the clefts and the recesses of the nose. Our endoscopic armamentarium has been augmented during the last decade with the nasopharyngeal scope (Stuchard, 1975) and by Flexible fiberoptic scope (Yamashita, 1983). The fiberoptic endoscope has the following significant characteristics: • Better resolution and constrast • Wide viewing angle. • A much larger portion of the object can be seen in a single field so, the time required for examinations and manipulations is therefore decreased and procedures are faster. As, regards light transimission, it is fiberoptic light transimission which allows bright image and natural color transmission (Godbersen, 1990). |