الفهرس 
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Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global public health problem in the continents of Africa and Asia; it remains a
major cause of morbidity and mortality. Annually, up to 1 million of
these infected population die due to the consequences of the infection
such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been described as
the global epidemic and as the silent epidemic; it is both. The World
Health Organization estimates that worldwide, at least 2 billion
persons have been infected with HBV.
In the post-vaccination era in developing countries, perinatal
vertical transmission remains the most common mode of transmission.
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission requires screening for
HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in pregnant women to identify which
newborns that must be immunized.
The prevalence of HBV infection among an antenatal
population may be a reliable indicator of hepatitis B virus prevalence
rate in the general population. Hence, screening antenatal women for
HBsAg can give a reliable prevalence of the disease in a population
and provide an avenue for preventing mother to child transmission of
the virus.
Passive immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)
and active immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccine in the infants
of HBV carriers; gives high levels of protection against vertical
transmission.
As a result of this, maternal screening is necessary for the
treatment of newborns, since passive and active immunizations are so
important in the endemic areas. And in addition viral hepatitis during
pregnancy is associated with a high risk of maternal complications,
has a high rate of vertical transmission causing fetal and neonatal
hepatitis and has been reported as a leading cause of maternal
mortality.
Aim of study:
1 - Determine the seroprevalance of hepatitis B among pregnant
women in Menoufiya governorate.
2- Study the risk factors which may contribute to infection with
hepatitis B in pregnant women.
Subjects and methods:
This study was a case control study nested on across sectional
one carried on 397 pregnant women chosen by systematic random
sample from pregnant women attending two maternal and child
health (M.C.H ) centers in Shebin Elkom district Menoufiya
governorate, Egypt and were subjected to a predesigned questionnaire
including the demographic data as age, residence ,educational level
,occupation and history of hospitalization ,blood transfusion ,surgical
operation ,dental procedures , immunization for hepatitis B , family
history of HBV infection , Husband HBV infection , Sharing private
instruments as nail clipper & scissors , One syringe multiple use ,
History of jaundice, fever and right upper quadrant pain. Obstetric
data as gestational age, history of previous labor, mode of delivery,
place of delivery and who managed labor.