الفهرس 
chapter oneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
vrecent years, the human has created different intensities of electromagnetic
fields, communication services and various electrical devices. But alongside the benefits of
technologies, there are worries about the influences of electric, magnetic and
electromagnetic fields on the metabolism and biological processes and molecular
mechanisms and cellular organisms [1-2].
Numerous sources of electromagnetic fields exist in nature and in the occupation
and residential environments. The public awareness of the ubiquitous nature of these fields
and the growing controversy over their potential effects on living systems have stimulated
the research community to define more precisely the physical properties of these fields and
to delineate the thresholds for their possible effects on human health and the environment.
Everyone is exposed to an Electric, Magnetic or a complex mix of
electromagnetic fields (EMF) of different frequencies that permeate our environment.
Sources of ELF fields are found in the community, home, and workplace, including
building wiring, power lines, factory, office and household equipment, and appliances.
With the ever-increasing use of the technology, there has been increasing
scientific evidence and public concern regarding the potential health risks from powerfrequency
or extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) and from
radiofrequency/microwave radiation emissions (RF). The biological effects of low
frequency electric and magnetic fields have become a topic of considerable scientific
scrutiny during the past two decades. The flurry of research in this area has contributed
greatly to our understanding of the complex electromagnetic environment to which we are
exposed but it has not abated the controversy associated with the harmful effects of
electromagnetic fields [3-4].
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF), the electromagnetic fields in this frequency
range (from 0–300Hz), are due to residential exposure—nearby power and high voltage
transmission lines and domestic installations (operating at 50 and 60Hz) while
occupational exposure sources are caused by electric power industry installations and
welding devices (operating at 50 and 60Hz) [5].
Electromagnetic fields can be described as a series of waves that oscillate at a
particular frequency and have a certain distance between one wave and the next – the
wavelength. EMFs have a very wide range of frequencies, extending from low frequency
electricity supply lines with wavelengths of some hundreds of meters, through the radio
and visible light frequencies, to very high-frequency medical X-rays with wavelengths
measured in trillionths of meters. This range is shown in the electromagnetic spectrum in