الفهرس 
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Abstract
This experiment was started on May 2012. Eggs were collected from chickens (Hyline) , ducks (Muscovy) and Japanese quail and lasted for 52 weeks, 35 wk and 17 weeks of age respectively. All birds were reared under similar environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions. They were fed a commercial laying diets recommended for each. Diets and water were offered ad. libitum. Then, eggs from each species were collected at the peak of egg production.
This study was carried out to investigate and comparing the egg quality and mechanical properties among three fowl species: Hyline laying hens, Japanese quails and Muscovy ducks.
Eggs were collected at the peak of egg production. External and internal egg quality parameters were measured and determined.
The main results obtai ned could be summarized as follows.
The average egg weight, egg width and egg shape index were higher in Muscovy duck eggs compared to chicken and quail eggs. Our results indicated that shell percentage was higher for ducks when comparing with those of chicken and quail shells (10.2, 9.5 and 8.7%, respectively). With respect to breaking strength, it could be noticed that the breaking strength of Muscovy eggs were also significantly highest than the other species of fowls.
The electrophoretic prophiles of shell organic matrix proteins are shown that, the analysis was focused on the 8 bands of proteins from brown hens, Japanese quail and Muscovy duck when stained with Coomassie Blue. These bands were found with overall apparent molecular weights of 183.04, 166.64, 89.34,55.67, 34.45, 29.00 ,19.76, and 16.76 kDa. our results showed that the molecular weight of protein may be ovoglycan 183 about 183 ,ovocleidin 166 about 166 kDa, ovotransferrin 88 ,89 about 88 kDa, osteopontin55 about 55kDa, ovocalyxin 34 about 34kDa, ovocalyxin29 about 29KDa , ovocleidin-19 about 19kDa, , ovocleidin17 about 19 kDa, lysosyme 16 about 16 KDa while, the molecular weight of osteopontin protein arranged between 46-54 kDa.