الفهرس 
Review of literaturesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 21 |  |  |
| | | from | 21 | | |
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus, were raised in 15 prepared glass aquaria each of which with 100 liters capacity and 8 fish density and divided into five groups, each of them of three aquaria, the 1st group was a control group, the 2nd group was subjected to bisphenol A with concentration of 100μg/l for 12 weeks. The 3rd group was subjected to malachite green with concentration of 0.5mg /l for 12 weeks. The fourth group was subjected to ammonium chloride (60mg NH4CL/l) for 9 weeks. The fifth group was subjected to hypoxic condition for 9 weeks. During the time of the experiment after acclimation period slaughtering and sampling, the collected samples were rapidly fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Paraffin sections of 3-5 microns thickness were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes.
Histopathological examination of hepatic tissue from fish exposed to bisphenol A at a concentration of 100μg/l for 12 weeks showed various types of tissue reaction; vascular, degenerative, necrotic and or proliferative. Congestion of The blood vessels and hepatic sinusoids, intravascular hemolysis, hemorrhage, thrombus formation, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, hydropic degeneration with vaculation of cytoplasm, fatty change, complete autolysis of hepatocytes, Necrosis and lysis appear as single large area or multiple areas associated with sever hemorrhage, pyknosis and karyorrhexis, Melano-macrophage centers activation, mononuclear cells infiltration either focal or diffuse, Proliferation of kupffer cells, bile duct hyperplasia, cholangitis, pericholangitis, periductal edema and occluded lumen, fibrous connective tissue formation, all of these reaction patterns presented in various degree according to the duration of exposure. Histopathological examination of renal tissue from fish exposed to bisphenol A at a concentration of 100μg/l for 12 weeks showed various types of tissue reaction; vascular, degenerative, necrotic and or proliferative. Congested blood vessels, Vasculitis with thickening and fibrosis of its wall was occured, hemorrhages in the interstitial tissue, Hemolysis, Glomerular tufts were affected and showed increased number of glomerular cells (hypercellularity) with congested glomerular capillaries and decreased size or complete occlusion of bowman’s space, Damage of glomerular tufts with complete autolysis also occurred. The changes in convoluted tubules varied from hydropic degeneration and vacculation with pyknotic nuclei to necrosis and exfoliation of tubular epithelium and multiple ares of complete necrosis and lysis. There was tubular casts and occlusion of tubular lumen. The interstitial tissues showed mononuclear cells infiltration and vacuolation, and activation of melano-macrophage centers, also thickening of renal capsule with fibrosis in the interstitial tissue, all of these reaction patterns presented in various degree according to the duration of exposure.
Quantitative assessment of the histopathological changes in Nile tilapia exposed to Bisphenol A (100μg/l) showed that the highest reaction pattern index was degenerative and necrotic pattern especially after 12 weeks also the highest organ index was founded after 12 weeks in case of liver. Incase of kidney the highest reaction pattern index was also the degenerative and necrotic pattern after 12 weeks also the organ index is highest after 12 weeks. The organ index is higher in liver than kidney.