الفهرس 
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Abstract
One of the landmark events of the past years in neuroscience research was the establishment of neural stem cells (NSCs) as a life-long source of neurons and glia, a concept that shattered the dogma that the nervous system lacked regenerative power.
Proliferation analysis:
Normal neurospheres showed pattern of proliferation, where applying size analysis for the cell cultured revealed progressive increase from 317.6 + 61.9 in day 4 till reaching 800.6 + 117. Malathion exposure revealed arrest in proliferation depending in concentration and period of treatment. Neurospheres exposed to 250 nM showed comparatively decreased neurosphere diameter in day 11 and 14 and consequently cytotoxicity and retarded proliferation. Cells exposed to Malathion at 1 and 10µM showed apparent arrest in their proliferation.
In 17 d-old embryo maternally-treated with Malathion, there was a marked reduction of stem cell distribution within the olfactory, hippocampal and cerebral cortex comparing with the control (Fig. 14 A-B2). GFAP immunostaining was detected in different regions of the cerebral cortex of Malathion-treatment comparing with negative reaction in the control.
In14 d-old suckling pups, Malathion-treatment exhibited less dense of stem cells in hippocampus and cerebellar cortex comparing with the control. GFAP immunostaining possessed increased immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex and white pattern and in between the granular cells of cerebellar cortex post-Malathion-treatment comparing with the control.
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