الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out on 7225 animals; among which, 3916 Cows, 1531 Buffaloes,10 she-camels 1084 Ewes and 684 Does, within the period from 2008 to 2013, in Fayoum province. These animals were subjected to clinical examination which in some cases aided by ultrasonography to study the congenital and acquired udder and teat surgical affections. Clinical findings of each affected case were recorded and most of them were photographed. Surgical and / or medicinal treatment was adopted whenever seemed to be indicated and their results were recorded.
The recorded data revealed that, the prevelence of teat and udder affections constitute:
In cattle 19.867%, 778 cases out of 3916 cows where 141 cows (3.6%) were have congenital anomalies, (hyperthelia 2.171%, leaker 0.383%, athelia 0.255%pendulous udder 0.204%, hypermastia 0.255%, hypoplasia of mammary gland 0.128%, hyperplasia of teat 0.077%, teat obstruction 0.077% and fistula 0.051%) and 637 cows (16.267%) were suffer from acquired affections (fibrosis 6.256%, mastitis 3.294%, pendulous udder 1.175%, edema 1.149%, fistula/wound
0.843%, teat obstruction 0.664%, teat stenosis 0.664%, ulcer/crack 0.638%, abscess
0.536%, hematoma 0.255%, seborrhea 0.230%, impetigo 0.179%, neoplastic growths
0.179%, udder gangrene 0.153% and teat gangrene 0.051%).
In buffalo 11.430%, 175 cases out of 1531 buffaloes where 11 buffaloes
(0.718%) had congenital anomalies (hypermastia 0.588%, hyperthelia 0.065% and
fistula 0.065%), and 164 buffaloes (10.712%) had acquired affections(fibrosis
2.809%, ulcer/ cracks 2.090%, mastitis 1.894%, seborrhea 1.437%, obstruction
0.914%, edema 0.457%, hematoma 0.327%, fistula/ wound 0.261%, teat gangrene
0.261%, stenosis 0.131%, abscess 0.065% and impetigo 0.065%).
In she-camel no congenital anomalies were recorded, only one case of acute mastitis and one case of teat orifice obstruction.
In ewes 10.701%, 116 case out of 1084 ewes, where the only congenital anomaly recorded was hyperthelia in 76 ewes (7.011%), while acquired affections
recorded in 40 ewes (3.690%), which were, 1.476% mastitis, 0.738% abscess,
0.738% edema, 0.369% hematoma and 0.369% cyst.
In does 30.702%, 210 cases of 684 does, where, congenital anomalies constitute 13.158% (90 does) among which, hyperthelia 10.526%, hypermastia 2.193% and hypoplasia of mammary gland 0.439%, while acquired affections constitute 17.544% (120 does) distributed as 3.509% mastitis, 3.509% wound/fistula,
2.193% abscess, 2.193% pendulous udder, 1.754% fibrosis, 1.754% gangrene, 1.316% teat obstruction, 0.877% hernia in the udder and 0.439% hematoma.
Fate of treatment was favourable in cases of acute mastitis, abscess, hematoma, edema, impetigo and seborrhea while was unfavourable in obstruction, fistula and gangrene.
The normal structure of udder and teats as well as some udder and teat affections like abscess and teat obstruction were viewed by ultrasonography.
7. Conclusion:
Udder and teat affections are usually the sum of congenital, environmental, management and microbial factors.
Ultrasonography assists the diagnosis of udder and teat affection.
The udder and teats affections were highest in goat followed by cattle and buffalo and were the least in sheep.
Farmers should be enlightened to be aware of economic values of the udder to avoid their neglect or delay of treatment, as the early treatment is adopted the better the prognosis.
Owners should be aware of continuous selection and culling method to increase good talents and to get rid of anomalies in their herd.
New non traumatic methods of surgery like laser surgery should be investigated to be used in udder and teat affection treatment.