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Abstract Parathyroid hormone is produced by four button sized parathyroid glands; that are located in the neck behind the thyroid gland. Normally these glands secrete parathyroid hormone into the blood stream in response to low blood calcium level. Studies in vivo and in vitro have provided direct evidence that the secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated by the concentration of extracellular calcium. Parathyroid hormone works in three ways to help rise blood calcium levels back to normal:- Take the calcium from the body’s bone. • Stimulate the activation of vitamin D in the kidney which in turn increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines. • Suppress the excretion of calcium in the urine while encouraging the excretion of phosphorus. The breast milk helps the baby to gradually develop immunological and physical dependence and also provide the baby’s special nutritional requirement. Calcium and inorganic phosphate are macronutrients essential for the development of teeth and bone in infants. Their requirements in children are relatively higher than in adults because of the increasing demand for the growing skeletal size of the children and bones which are poorly calcified at birth. A direct relationship has been noted between daily dietary intake of calcium and phosphorous and their serum concentrations. It has also been noted that low calcium and chronic hypophosphataemia may lead to different pathological conditions like rickets. |