الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Over the decades, arthroscopy of the ankle has grown and improved considerably. In 1931, Burman was the first to attempt an ankle arthroscopy. He became convinced of the impossibility of such a procedure because of the limited space and close relationship of the delicate anatomical structures. Forty years later, in 1972, thanks to technological advances, Watanabe was the first to report on a series of 28 ankle arthroscopies. Since then, numerous studies and substantial progress have been made, and arthroscopic ankle surgery has gradually changed from a purely diagnostic means to a therapeutic tool. Historically, the ankle was approached with a two portals technique (anteromedial and anterolateral) and the patient supine. But, anterior arthroscopy is difficult to approach the posterior aspect of the ankle joint, and the subtalar joint is not visualized. For these reasons, a new two portals posterior approach (posteromedial and posterolateral) was introduced for hindfoot arthroscopy with the patient in the prone position, also new portals introduced as accessory PLP and DPMP. |