الفهرس 
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Abstract
The increasing frequency of human pathogens resistant to
important classes of antibiotics in treatment of urinary tract infection
poses a serious and growing challenge for medicine and society. We need
improved strategies to reduce the rate of resistance development, for
established and novel drugs, based on knowledge of the factors that drive
the increase in resistance. Resistance to fluoroquinolones in most bacteria
develops via a series of sequential genetic changes affecting several
different genes, overuse, and inappropriate use of these drugs. High
resistance rates to fluoroquinolones were observed in uropathogen
bacteria isolated not only from hospitalized patients but also in bacteria
associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections.
The aim of the work is to examine quinolones resistance rate and to
determine appropriate empiric antibiotic for patients with urinary tract
infection.
To achieve such target, our study was carried out on (150) patient
of different age group suffering from urinary tract infection. Urine
samples were cultured and identified with routine biochemical tests then
antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolated strains to quinolone drugs
(Nalidixic acid (NA), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Levofloxacin (LEV),
Ofloxacin (OFX), and Gatifloxacin (GAT) was done using standard disc
diffusion method.
In our study, it was found that when urine culture was ordered for
150 (100%) of the study population there were, 80 (53.0%) of these
cultures were positive for bacterial growth, 55(37.0%) were mixed
growth and 15(10.0%) were candida.
Patients with pure growth were 80; isolates were higher in males than
females, males were 43 (54.0%) and females were 37 (46.0%) ranged
from (4-80 years). Of the 80 patient 55 were midstream samples (69.0%)
and 25 were catheter samples (31.0%).
Gram negative bacilli are the most common organisms, and urine
culture results revealed infection by E.coli (52.5%), Enterobacter
(15.0%), Klebsiella (8.8%), Gm +ve Cocci (8.8%), Citerobacter (5.0%),
Pseudomonas (5.0%), Proteus (3.8%), Shigella (1.3%).
Among the quinolone drugs, Nalidixic acid was the least efficient
in preventing the growth of UTI pathogens with (83.8%) followed by
Ofloxacine (77.5%), Levofloxacine (75.0%), Ciprofloxacine (73.8%),
then Gatifloxacine is the drug of choice for empiric therapy of patients
with UTI (72. 5%).