الفهرس 
Biofilm
FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the biofilm accumulation and associated microbial colonization that occurred on the surface of endotracheal tubes in neonates.
The current study was carried out on 20 endotracheal tubes of intubated newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University.
A gestational age ranged between 27 and 37 weeks by date (mean 32 weeks).
The duration of intubation prior to endotracheal tube collection was between 1 and 9 days (mean 3.55 days).
Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation was observed on the lumen and outer surface of 80% (16/20) of the collected tubes while 20% (4/20) showed no bacterial colonization or biofilm formation.
There was highly significant relationship between biofilm staging and duration of intubation.
The Inner endotracheal tube surface yielded 80% (16/20) positive aerobic cultures. A total of 22 isolates were recovered. The most prevalent isolate was Klebseilla pneumoniae, followed by Staph Coagulase negative, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Candida and normal flora.
The Outer endotracheal tube surface yielded 75% (15/20) positive aerobic cultures. A total of 18 isolates were recovered. The most prevalent isolates were Klebseilla pneumoniae and Staph Coagulase negative, followed by Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and normal flora.
The pathogens of cultures of endotracheal aspirate, a total of 20 isolates were recovered. The most prevalent isolates were Klebseilla pneumoniae, Followed by Staph Coagulase negative, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, and Normal flora.
All ETTs that showed bacterial colonization and biofilm formation by SEM gave positive microbiological culture results, while the ETTs that exhibited no bacterial colonization or biofilm formation gave negative microbiological culture results.
There was a 100% agreement between biofilm formation and inner surface ETT cultures (Prevalence and adjusted Kappa test (k) =1).
There was a significant relationship between biofilm formations in EM inner surface and duration of intubation.
A very good agreement between bacterial colonization / biofilm formation and ET aspirate culture results (kappa=0.828).
A significant relationship was observed between the duration of intubation and colonization of the ETT inner surface (p value=0.007), while no significant relationship was detected between duration of intubation and ET aspirate culture results (p value=0.057).
Antibiotic resistant patterns by the disc diffusion test revealed that Staph Coagulase negative showed highest susceptibility to vancomycin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (50%). While being least susceptible to Penicillin and Cefoxitin (0%).
As regard the Gram negative isolates, all isolates showed highest susceptibility to Imipenem, and Ciprofloxacin (75-100%). While being least susceptible to Ampicillin Sulbactam, Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, and Piperacillin (0%).