الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cost is among the major considerations throughout the project management life cycle and can be regarded as one of the most important parameters of a project and the driving force of project success. Despite its proven importance, it is common to see a construction
project failing to achieve its objectives within the specific cost.
Cost deviation from initial cost plan had been prevalent on construction sites. However, little or no effort has been made to curtail the phenomenon, this research work attempt to
study the factors that are responsible for cost variation so as to identify them and proffer possible ways of coping with this phenomenon.
A thorough literature review was done and also expert opinions were taken, through which a number of cost variation causes were identified in wastewater projects. In total fifty two
(52) factors were short-listed to be included as part of the survey questionnaire and the survey was conducted with representatives from local general contracting firms.
The data were analyzed using Importance Index, ranking and simple percentages. It was discovered from the analysis that factors such as additional work, funding problems, lowest bidding procurement method, inadequateplanning, inflation, and inaccurate cost estimation were critical to causing cost variation, while fluctuation in prices of raw materials, and inappropriate preconstruction study are also responsible. The study concluded with recommending that sufficient coordination and communication
between the designer and the contractor, making the needed assessment visit and studying it before beginning the project, giving the wanted works to experienced contractors and choose the best financial and technical without putting in mind the less price. The implementing contractor should be hold by the drawings and designs without increasing additional works as possible, saving thesufficient financial funds to achieveworks during the restricted period for the project, reducing the period of time between
designing and implementation, analyzing and studying the prices correctly, accurately, and according to market prices. coordination between the consultant, the owner and the contractor to get rid of the retardants like licenses, changing the tendering and accept procedures and choose the best bid, reviewing the drawings and designs and comparing it to avoid the occurrence of unnecessary additional works after implementation, to be accurate in choosing the subcontractor, using the local products in all projects as possible, choosing the consulting offices which make designs accurately, formulating the technical specifications accurately and in clear way.