الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of sixty human permanent single rooted teeth with mature apices were used in this study .The Crowns of teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and stored in saline till used.Samples were divided into three main groups according to the irrigant used (n=20) (group1: anolyte + catholyte) (group2: NaOCl) (group3: compination of anolyte + catholyte + 5.25 % Naocl); then each main group was further divided into 2 subgroups according to the method of irrigation (subgroub a: syringe irrigation) or (subgroup b: ultrasonic irrigation).Samples instrumentation was standardized for all groups where:The canal length was determined. Apices were embedded in wax to maintain positive apical pressure. Modified double flared technique was used for preparation. The coronal two third was flared using Gate Glidden while the apical portion of each root canal was enlarged three sizes beyond the size of the initial file at the full working length. The master apical file sizes were ranging from size 50 to 60. During instrumentation, 3ml of the chosen irrigants was used between each instrument with a total amount of 15 ml during instrumentation and then followed with a 3minute final flush of 15ml. During the final flush ultrasonic irrigation was performed for subgroups 1b, 2b, and 3b.After being subjected to the irrigation regimen, the specimens were split longitudinally giving 120 halves; 60 were used to evaluate mineral content using energy dispersion X-ray analysis and the other 60 were used to evaluate root canal cleanliness. The root thirds were examined under stereo microscope and percentage of debris was calculated by dividing the pixels debris by the total pixels representing the entire area of the canal.Results showed that there was decrease in level of calcium, phosphorus and Ca/P ratio for all groups 1 (Anolyte + Catholyte), group 2 (NaOCl) and group 3 (Anolyte + Catholyte + NaOCl).Results of cleanliness of root canal dentin showed that there was no significant difference between all groups.