الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In order to increase the Nile river fish productivity
after the hydropower station regulators and all dams. It is
recommended to restore the fish life cycle.
One of the main
environmental challenges of small hydropower development
is related to fish passage both upstream and downstream.
These migrations are ecological imperatives for fish
populations creating the need for efficient fish passage
systems.
Downstream fish migration at small hydroelectric
generating stations is mostly affected by mortality that can
occur during fish passage through the turbines, although
mortality can also occur upstream or downstream of the
power station. The presence of several small generating
stations on the same river may also induce cumulative
impacts. Four causes of mortality can affect fish passing
through a turbine: contact of fish with one of the turbine
parts, shear forces associated to variations in velocity,
variations in pressure, and cavitations.
The Fish-ways have been developed mainly in the first
half of the 20th century, with the development of Denil,
pool and weir, and vertical slot.
Monitoring activities are essential to target mortality
through turbines, entrainment estimations related to the
efficiency of downstream tools, and efficiency of fish-ways.
The Nile fish productivity is recommended to be monitored
before and after the proposed fish passages along the river
Nile.
Key words: hydropower station, Fish migration, fish-ways,
downstream devices, monitoring.