الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was done in Department of Physiology , Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Moshtohor, Zagazig University (Benha). The study extended from June 1993 to June 1994.
We aimed to evaluate blood picture in one of the most popular Egyptian fishes, Karmout (Clarias lazera). We tested some environmental factors like, lack of oxygen, degree of light, temperature and concentration of copper sulphate in water as one of mulluskicides and disinfectants which used as external disinfectasnts in fish farms.
Routine hematology techniques were used to obtain normal blood picture or hemogram . Calcium, glucose, and cortisol blood levels were estimated calormetrically.
Eighty two of adult mature catfish (Clarias lazera) were divided into equal five groups, in each group half the number of the animals were used as control, for testing the effect of fasting, lack of oxygen, rise of water temperature, reduction of light and copper sulphate concentration in water.
The results indicated that :
1-The normal hemogram of Clarias lazera fish was similar to those reported previously for the same species in different localities.
2-The average number of erythrocyte was 1.55 x 106/cumm, Hb concentration was 8.2 g/ dl & PCV was 35.77%.
3-The average number of leukocytes was 1.89 x 104/cumm, the differential count was heterophils 3.9%, basophils 0.33% eosinophils 4.47%, monocytes 5.2% and lymphocytes 82%.
4-The clotting time was 100 second, prothrombin time was 38.69 second, thrombocyte count was 3.33% x 103/cumm and serum calcium level was 2.28 m mol / L
5-The average level of glucose in plasma was 3.77 m mol / L, and cortisol in serum was, 26.6 n mol /L.
6-It could be observed that most effective environmental factor on catfish blood picture was the oxygen lack in water and to somwhat little extend the fasting, while other factors as light, water temperature and copper sulphate in water have lower degrees of effect .
7-The response of catfish to oxygen lack was a marked increase in RBCs, Hb and PCV values .:However a significant rise in cortisol and glucose levels in the blood were reported.
8-The response of catfish to fasting was a significant decrease in RBCs, Hb and PCV and glucose levels, However cortisol was significantly increased.
9-The response to rising the temperature of water was significantly increased in erythrocytes number, Hb, PCV.
10-Reducing light resulted in little decrease in the number of erythrocytes.
11-Copper sulphate concentration in water 0.5 PPM.