الفهرس 
Introduction and aimOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Poultry are one of the main sources of che~p animal proteins in the forms of meat and eggs. Great attention should be directed to meet the increased population demand through increased productivity and successffil disease control especially of local breeds. The chosen breeds were the two lines of Fayoumi, Fayoumi PP line and Fayoumi GG line (to ensure that the suggestion of the genetic pool for high egg number could
differ from that for high growth rate ), Dandarawi breed and Doki-4 strain. As the two first breeds are main pure native chicken breeds in Egypt and their real origin was Upper Egypt. While Doki-4 strain is a developed breed of dual purpose for both high egg and meat production and was derived from fayoumi breed. These breeds are in need to be genetically characterized using biochemical and molecular techniques through protein banding patern and RAPD-PCR, respectively. This is considered to be the first step for progressive breeding strategies to improve the production of
such breeds as well as this characterization can be considered as a very important way for conservation of the genetic resources of these breeds. Because of no or rare searches investigating the genetic fingerprints for these breeds in Egypt.
Blood samples were taken from each breed. Some plasma proteins were studied on these samples ( Biochemical study ). RAPD-PCR (Molecular study ) was also done for all these samples to study the genetic variability within and between these breeds. The following is summary of the results.
Biochemical Study : Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique showed
differences between and within those breeds through the following
analysis: (1) The phenotypic description of the studied loci; where the most studied plasma proteins loci were polymorphic as shown in the electrophoregram. (2) Estimation of the homogeneity; as the higher homogeneity ratio was found in Fayoumi GO line (66.67%) than that of Fayoumi PP line (57.69%) might be because of that the genetic equilibrium become higher with more stable genetic pool in selection programs to improve the growth rate. The lowest homogeneity in Doki-4 (57.14%) may be because of this is a developed breed derived Fayoumi breed. Also the lowest homogeneity in Dandarawi strain (57.14%) might be caused by application of some selection programs in this breed by Fowl Integral Project. (3) Detection of biochemical genetic markers; from estimating the allelic frequencies in each locus of plasma proteins, the genetic markers could be detected. For example in albumin locus the A1bA allele could be considered as a negative marker for lower egg production in DN. The deviations from the HWE were significant in the breeds in only 2 or 3 loci. (4) Relationship between such lines based on protein polymorphism; where highest functional genetic similarity existed between DN breed and RI line. Molecular study The RAPD analysis on the level of bulked samples revealed the between-line genetic variation. These bulked DNA samples were screened using ten primers (A16,A1 7,Al 8,Bo8,B9,B 1 6,C5,C 1 5,ubc3O andubc7s) that were able to ampli& the bulked DNA of the studied chicken strains, with range of band products of 107-218. Although all lines shared a high proportion of bands out of the total number scored about only 23% of bands were polymorphic.The unique markers could be generated by these ten primers to determine the genetic relationship between the studied lines. Using RAPD informative data, the between population genetic variabilities were studied with establishment of the Dendrogram. Therefore, the apparent highest genetic similarity of 0.5 49 existed between FG and FP lines Meanwhile, the lowest genetic similarity existed between DN breed and both lines of Fayoumi breed (0.333-0.392). Thus the results of molecular genetic study support that of biochemical genetic study. So that, the two studies could identif’ the native chicken breeds and differentiate among them. Besides; the present findings would serve as biochemical and molecular genetic markers for future breeding programs aiming the improvement of chicken production.