الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Power systems have been undergoing major changes. The innovation cycles are getting ever shorter, and the grid complexity is becoming increasing. This is
mainly due to deregulated electricity market. This has made it difficult to predict and
anticipate contingencies. However, the transition towards competitive market is
recognized as a bumpy journey requires a close monitoring of the system parameters.
The systems used to monitor and control such power systems must take
account of these requirements. This is forcing electricity utilities to install new
services to enhance modern network operation and security. Ancillary services (AS)
are the services needed by power systems to support their basic energy and
transmission services to maintain reliability and security of the interconnected power
system. AS have existed since the beginning of electricity supply and used to be
incorporated into the normal operation and management of the power system with the
old vertically integrated utility structure. One of the major issues related to AS is to
understand if and how they could support the competitive market. An overview to
offer an introduction of the so-called competitive market and ancillary services, which
have been heard much about in recent times, is presented in the thesis.
In this thesis, a global proposed approach (GPA) for better transition towards
the competitive market is presented. The GPA is generic in nature and can be adopted
for any electricity market structure. This GPA takes into account the existing legacy
power system, as well as the future expansions. Common approach in the GPA is
based on the utilization of the technology based on the Global Positioning System
(GPS) and Ethernet Communication (ES) as a modern AS to enable the overall wide
system synchronized measurements. The main objective of the GPA is to provide
complete power system synchronization for advanced control, protection and
monitoring support at least cost, while ensuring a secure operation of the power
system.
The GPA consists of two pivots. The first pivot of the GPA concerns about
upgrading the existing legacy power system. It is based on utilizing of the Phasor
Measurement Units (PMUs) which are considered one of the most important and
-ivadvanced
measuring devices in modern power systems. The distinction comes from
its unique ability to provide synchronized phasor measurements of voltages and
currents from widely dispersed locations in an electric power grid. The rule of optimal
PMUs’ placement (OPP) with a proposed generalized method is presented to
benchmark the real networks with different scales, topologies and voltage levels in
Egypt besides the standard test systems of IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus. Single
branch outages, and/or single PMU outage and different measurements conditions as
well as normal operating condition are efficiently studied.
The second pivot in the GPA concerns about new substations i.e. future
requirements. It is built utilizing the new substation automation system confirming the
IEC-61850 standard (SAS) which brings unquestionable improvements to the power
systems in general. SAS offers easy use of the synchronized measurements for overall
the substation and the network. Therefore, it will be the basis for new applications
enabling a better diagnosis of the network. In this thesis, these issues are introduced
and the influence on future transmission is presented along with a conceptual
adaptation of the SAS. Analyses of the benefits of the new approach, its impact on
system reliability, and the cost impact based on real market data are addressed.
For further identification to the decision makers about the effectiveness and
impact of the GPA, some essential applications based on the synchronized
measurements have been investigated in this thesis.
Transmission line parameters are essential inputs to form a reliable power
system model. The conductor temperature and sag are the main factors that determine
the maximum allowable current that an overhead conductor can carry. In this thesis, a
framework for estimating on-line transmission line parameters (including series
resistance, reactance, and shunt susceptance), line temperature, sag, and accurate fault
allocation technique is proposed utilizing the synchronous voltage and current
phasors. Furthermore, an outline of a methodology to integrate the resulting real-time
direct overhead conductor measurement data with dynamic thermal line rating is also
described.